Sinobirma bouyeri. A–C Final feces of L₅, reared on Prunus cerasoides (A), P. cerasoides (B) and Coriaria nepalensis (C), scale bars = 10 mm. D L₅, burrowing into the soil after feeding had ended, lateral view, scale bar = 10 mm. E Entrance of larval borehole, covered with moss, scale bar = 5 mm. F Tunnel entrance after removing the moss in E, scale bar = 5 mm. G Fully tanned pupa ♀, ca. 9 cm from the upper surface of the moss-layer and its head is orienting upward to this surface, scale bar = 10 mm. H Freshly molted and incompletely tanned ♀ pupa, ca. 10 cm from the upper surface of the moss-layer, scale bar = 20 mm.