Research Article
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Article title
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Abstract
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Keywords
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1. Introduction
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2. Methods
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2.1. Material examined
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2.1.1. Institutional deposition
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2.1.2. Examined specimens
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2.2. Methods
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2.2.1. X-Ray microtomography
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2.2.2. Photomicrography and scanning electron microscopy
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2.2.3. Ancestral state reconstruction
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2.3. Terminology
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2.3.1. Scope
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2.3.2. Genital terminology
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2.3.3. General definitions
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2.3.4. Skeletal terminology (Fig. 2)
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2.3.5. Muscular terminology
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2.4. Taxonomy and phylogeny
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2.4.1. Taxonomy
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2.4.2. Taxon sampling
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3. Results
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3.1. Integument
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3.1.1. Summary
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3.1.2. Outgroup taxa (Figs 5–11)
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3.1.3. Protanilla
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3.1.4. Yavnella
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3.1.5. Scyphodon s.l
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3.1.6. The Bornean morphospecies-group
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3.1.7. Leptanilla s.str
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3.2. Musculature
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3.2.1. Summary
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3.2.2. Outgroup taxa (Figs 5–11)
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3.2.3. Protanilla
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3.2.4. Yavnella
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3.2.5. Scyphodon s.l
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3.2.6. Bornean morphospecies-group
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3.2.7. Leptanilla s.str
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4. Discussion
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4.1. Ambiguities
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4.1.1. Skeletal ambiguity
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4.1.2. Muscular ambiguity
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4.2. Overview and phylogenetic context
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4.3. Male genital musculature in the Leptanillinae compared to other Hymenoptera
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4.3.1. Historical précis
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4.3.2. Framework of muscle evolution
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4.3.3. Muscle subdivisions and terminology
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4.3.4. Potential ant apomorphies
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4.3.5. Muscle evolution and variation in Hymenoptera
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4.3.6. Trends of skeletomuscular simplification of male genitalia in the Formicidae
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4.4. Comparative discussion of male genital sclerites of interest across the Leptanillinae
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4.4.1. Abdominal sternite VIII
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4.4.2. Abdominal sternite IX
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4.4.3. Cupula
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4.4.4. Volsellae
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4.4.5. Penial sclerites
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4.5. Comparative discussion of muscles of interest across the Leptanillinae
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4.6. Functional and evolutionary-biological speculation
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4.6.1. Part-wise overview of putative mechanics
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4.6.2. “Detachable Penis”: implications of putative suicidal mating in the Leptanillinae
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5. Conclusion
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6. Author Contributions
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7. Acknowledgements
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8. References
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