Non-homologous features of Staphylininae. A–I Mosaic evolution of comb, bifurcate setae on 3 types of protibia. A Running type; B Burrowing type; C Slimmer running type; J–M The variability of the paratergites and the parasternites of abdominal segment I of Staphylininae. Illustrations indicating characteristic types are represented by the following species: D, J Eucibdelus sp.; E, L Platydracus pseudopaganus pseudopatricius; F Hypnogyra angularis (after Pietrykowska-Tudruj and Staniec 2006). G, M Algon sphaericollis; H Philonthus spinipes; I Astrapaeus ulmi (after Pietrykowska-Tudruj et al. 2014); K Saniderus sp. — Abbreviations: I, II, abdominal segments; Sp, spiracle; Pt, paratergite; Ps, patasternite; Als, additional lateral sclerite.