Principal component analysis of mandible shapes. Deformation grids are assigned to the maximum and minimum values of each axis, and in the center, the deformation grid (upper left) of the consensus shape of all species, with pink dots representing the landmarks and black dots the semilandmarks. Convex hulls are displayed for subfamilies (and the outgroup) with more than three species studied. Each dot or convex hull color in the plot corresponds to a subfamily or outgroup species as follows: Oxyporinae = blue-gray, Megalopsidiinae = gray, Solieriinae = orange, Steninae = aqua, Euaesthetinae = yellow, Scydmaeninae = green, Leptotyphlinae = brown, Pseudopsinae = purple, Paederinae = blue, Staphylininae = red, Outgroup = black.