Body length to aedeagus length ratios for Phlaeopterus species sorted from smallest ratio on left (i.e. longest aedeagus relative to body length) to largest ratio on right (i.e. shortest aedeagus relative to body length). Bars in blue are species with maximum body sizes over 8 mm; bars in red are species with maximum body sizes 6.5 to 7.9 mm with wide bodies; bars in black are species with maximum body sizes below 5 mm; the green bar is for P. elongatus with a maximum body size of 6.4 mm, with an elongate body. Data from Mullen et al. 2018.