A: Phylogenetic tree of leaf-cutting ants (according to Cristiano et al. 2020; Acromyrmex lobicornis added, relationships unknown; terminals with several conspecific exemplars simplified). Ant species reported as Attaphila hosts in red and boldface, their association with Attaphila species indicated by coloured lines (based on specimen labels and partly associated reports in literature, or on own results) or grey line with “?” (based on reported occurrence of only this leaf-cutting ant species in region where Attaphila species was collected). Attaphila divided in bergi group (orange, with Acromyrmex; possibly paraphyletic), fungicola group (blue, with Atta, but unknown for A. sinuosocarinata; likely monophyletic), and the isolated A. sexdentis (green, with Atta). Status of Attaphila bergi (?) var. minor unclear (see text 4.2.). B: Geographic distribution of Attaphila species in Neotropical and southern Nearctic regions (based on specimen labels and partly associated reports in literature, or on own results). Attaphila divided in bergi group (orange), fungicola group (blue), and A. sexdentis (green).