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File 1. List of characters used in the phylogenetic analyses (adapted from McHugh 1993).

1. Head with punctation on dorso-basal region (0) not distinctly weak or absent and lacking a row of enlarged punctures; (1) characterized by a very weakly punctate or impunctate region and a more basal single row of enlarged punctures.
2. Head with dorsal punctures (0) not fused, lacking dorsal grooves; (1) elongated and fused, forming a series of longitudinal grooves originating between the base of the antenna and the clypeus on both sides of the head and extending back at least to the middle of the head.
3. Head with a pair of well-defined, dorsal antennal grooves extending from the base of each antenna to at least the top of the eye and often projecting well beyond it posteriorly (0) absent; (1) present.
4. Clypeus (0) deeply embedded in head with one-third length or less projecting beyond anterior margin of head; (1) with at least half length projecting beyond anterior margin of head.
5. Clypeus lateral margin (0) arcuate; (1) emarginate.
6. Clypeus with anterior margin (0) lacking notches; (1) with weak lateral notches.
7. Antennae composed of (0) 11 antennomeres; (1) 10 antennomeres.
8. Antennae with dense setose punctures on (0) the apical half of ultimate antennomere only; (1) the three apical antennomeres.
9. Mandible (0) broad at apex with one tooth hidden beneath two other teeth in dorsal aspect ; (1) flattened at apex, with all teeth visible in dorsal aspect.
10. Mandible with (0) at least two well-developed teeth; (1) only one well-developed tooth.
11. Galea apex (0) broad and truncate; (1) narrow and tapered.
12. Labial palps at base (0) close; (1) widely separated.
13. Apices of femora (0) rounded to somewhat angular, but not pointed; (1) produced to an acute point.
14. Male metafemora (0) lacking tooth; (1) with posterior tooth at about one-third length.
15. Pronotum (0) smooth or with a depression medially, lacking a carina; (1) with a strong, continuous, median, longitudinal carina.
16. Pronotal lateral margin (0) denticulate to crenulate; (1) smooth, irregularities absent.
17. Posterior margin of pronotum (0) arcuate; (1) sinuate.
18. Pronotal hypomera (0) not concave; (1) anteriorly concave, capable of receiving antennal clubs.
19. Tibial spurs (0) absent; (1) present.
20. Procoxal cavities internally (0) closed; (1) opened.
21. Procoxal cavities externally (0) closed or nearly so; (1) widely opened posteriorly.
22. Prosternum (0) broader than prosternal process at midpoint; (1) narrower than prosternal process at midpoint.
23. Prosternal process (0) lacking an anteriorly projecting protuberance or ridge; (1) with an anteriorly projecting protuberance or ridge.
24. Mesoventral process (0) broad and flat; (1) narrow and knob-like.
25. Mesoventral process (0) punctate and/or knobby but lacking a well-developed pair of pits; (1) with a pair of large pits at apex.
26. Mesoventrite (0) flat to inflexed; (1) moderately concave anteriorly to strongly concave near midpoint for receiving prosternal process.
27. Metaventrite (0) punctate opposite intercoxal process; (1) with impunctate region around notch receiving intercoxal process.
28. Mesoventral excavations at anterior margin for receiving procoxae (0) absent; (1) present.
29. Scutellum (0) lacking a carina; (1) with strong, median, longitudinal carina.
30. Wing with anal cell (0) present; (1) absent.
31. Wing venation with anal vein IV (0) present; (1) absent.
32. Wing venation with anal vein III (0) present; (1) absent.
33. Anal vein I (0) present; (1) absent.
34. Elytral colour pattern with distinct black to grey bands alternating with yellowish-brown bands (0) absent; (1) present.
35. Elytra with (0) interstices weakly to not at all raised; (1) strongly raised strial interstices, forming sharp ridges.
36. Elytral striae (0) confused; (1) distinct.
37. Abdominal ventrites 2–5 (0) lacking a basal row of depressions or a depressed band; (1) with a distinct basal row of depressions or with a basally depressed band of fused depressions.
38. Abdominal ventrites with anterolateral depressions (0) present; (1) absent.
39. Apex of intercoxal process (0) narrow; (1) broad.
40. Pygidium (0) evenly punctate or nearly so; (1) with a pair of large setulose impunctate patches.
41. Pygidium (0) lacking a median, longitudinal depression; (1) with a longitudinal, median depression or groove.