File 2. List of characters used in the phylogenetic analyses (adapted from Ślipiński et al. 2009; Robertson et al. 2013).
Adult	
0	Anterior edge of pronotum: (0) distinctly arcuate anteriorly and produced over head; (1) truncate and at same level as anterior angles, which are not distinct; (2) distinctly emarginate exposing head and with prominent anterior angles.	
1	Anterior tentorial arms: (0) complete; (1) reduced, visible at base only or apparently absent.	
2	Frontoclypeal suture: (0) present; (1) absent.	
3	Maxillary galea: (0) well developed; (1) absent.	
4	Terminal labial palpomere: (0) approximately as long as preceding segment; (1) distinctly longer than preceding segment; (2) distinctly shorter than preceding segment.	
5	Antennal pedicel: (0) shorter than or subequal to scape; (1) distinctly longer than scape.	
6	Antennal club segments: (0) flattened in cross-section; (1) oval or circular in cross-section.	
7	Antennal club: (0) without membranous sensory vesicles; (1) with membranous sensory vesicles on at least the first two segments.	
8	Gula: (0) simple; (1) with median endocarina.	
9	Posterior gular region: (0) evenly sclerotized to basal foramen; (1) lightly sclerotized or membranous immediately posterior to abbreviated submentum.	
10	Mandible: (0) well developed and triangular with mola usually in contact with opposing mandible; (1) endognathous and variously reduced.	
11	Mentum: (0) large and quadrate or trapezoidal (submentum broad, not prominent); (1) reduced and fused with prementum (submentum elongate); (2) triangular and pointed posteriorly (submentum not prominent).	
12	Medial region of prosternum, as measured from anterior margin of prosternum to midline between procoxae along prosternal process: (0) at least 2.0× as long as longitudinal diameter of coxa; (1) 1.1–1.6× as long as longitudinal diameter of coxa; (2) shorter than longitudinal diameter of coxa.	
13	Prosternal carinae: (0) absent; (1) present at least at base.	
14	Postcoxal hypomeral projections: (0) fused at midline; (1) abutting apex of prosternal process; (2) not reaching midline or prosternal process (procoxal cavities open).	
15	Postcoxal hypomeral projection immediately laterad of its junction with prosternal process: (0) less than 0.3× as wide as longitudinal diameter of procoxal cavity; (1) 0.5 or more times as wide as longitudinal diameter of procoxal cavity.	
16	External portion of procoxa: (0) circular or oval in outline, not or only slightly projecting; (1) distinctly transverse and strongly projecting.	
17	Procoxal cavity: (0) with lateral slits; (1) without slits.	
18	Posterior angles of pronotum: (0) not strongly projecting posteriorly; (1) strongly projecting posteriorly and embracing elytral humeri.	
19	Mesoventrite: (0) with cavity for reception of prosternal process; (1) with median carina and lateral procoxal rests; (2) flat, without cavity or distinct procoxal rests.	
20	Mesocoxal cavity: (0) circular in outline: (1) strongly transverse.	
21	External mesocoxal cavity: (0) closed by meso- and metaventrites: (1) open with mesepimeron touching coxa.	
22	Metaventral postcoxal lines: (0) present: (1) absent.	
23	Medial fleck on hind wing: (0) present; (1) absent.	
24	Mesotrochanter: (0) strongly oblique; (1) elongate and less oblique.	
25	Visible portion of metacoxae: (0) circular; (1) transverse.	
26	Abdominal postcoxal lines: (0) absent or rudimentary; (1) strongly arcuate externally; (2) straight or oblique.	
27	Number of visible abdominal ventrites: (0) five; (1) six.	
28	Abdominal ventrites 1 and 2: (0) articulated; (1) fused.	
29	Number of functional abdominal spiracles: (0) five; (1) seven.	
30	Pygidium: (0) with median groove; (1) without median groove.	
31	Tarsal formula: (0) 5-5-5; (1) 4-4-4; (2) 3-3-3.	
32	Number of spurs on mesotibia: (0) two; (1) one; (2) none.	
33	Tegmen: (0) “corylophid type” with ventral phallobase and articulated parameral plate; (1) “coccinellid type” with phallobases bearing median strut, large articulated parameres and penis guide; (2) “discolomatid type” with a single fused phallobase and parameres; (3) “erotylid type” with phallobase bearing median strut and small articulated parameres.	
34	Penis: (0) sclerotized simple rod without basal struts or endophallic sclerites; (1) broad and stout without basal struts but possessing complex endophalic sclerites; (2) with paired basal struts and endophallic flagellum.	
Larva	
35	Number of stemmata on each side of head: (0) one; (1) two; (2) three; (4) five; (5) none.	
36	Frontal arms: (0) present; (1) absent.	
37	Antenna: (0) 3-segmented; (1) 2-segmented.	
38	Antennomere II: (0) at most 2× as long as wide; (1) more than 4× as long as wide.	
39	Labrum: (0) free: (1) fused to clypeus.	
40	Mandible: (0) not endognathous; (1) endognathous but with rudimentary mola; (2) endognathous and styliform.	
41	Antennal socket separated from mandibular articulation by: (0) narrow strip of cuticle equal to or less than diameter of antennal socket; (1) area that is longer than diameter of antennal socket.	
42	Maxillary cardo: (0) distinctly separate from stipes; (1) fused to stipes.	
43	Maxillary articulating area; (0) absent; (1) present.	
44	Labial palpi: (0) 3-segmented; (1) 2-segmented; (2) 1-segmented.	
45	Abdominal glandular openings: (0) absent; (1) present on segments I to VI or VII; (2) present on segments I and VIII; (3) present on segments IV to VIII.	
46	Glandular opening on abdominal segment I: (0) absent; (1) located at body surface; (2) located at apex of short tube.	
47	Tergite IX: (0) with sclerotized asperities; (1) may appear darker in coloration but sclerotized asperities absent.	
Adult	
48	Membranous vesicles of antennal club: (0) simple, unbranched; (1) Y-shaped; (-) inapplicable.