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Research Article
Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 81: 1-34
https://doi.org/10.3897/asp.81.e87378 (16 Jan 2023)
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  • ContentsContents
  • Article InfoArticle Info
  • CitationCitation
  • MetricsMetrics
  • CommentComment
  • RelatedRelated
  • FigsFigs
  • TabsTabs
  • MapMap
  • TaxaTaxa
  • DataData
  • RefsRefs
  • CitedCited
  • Inst. CodeInst. Code
  • Article title
  • Abstract
  • Key words
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Methods
    • 2.1. Specimens
    • 2.2. Measurements, illustrations, terminology, and techniques
    • 2.3. Character coding and phylogenetic integrity
    • 2.4. Phylogenetic analyses
      • 2.4.1. Maximum parsimony analyses
      • 2.4.2. Model-based methods
    • 2.5. Male genitalia character optimisation
  • 3. Results
    • 3.1. Systematics
    • Key to species of the Belostoma plebejum group sensu Nieser based on adult specimens (with new species included)
    • 3.2. Phylogeny of the B. plebejum group sensu Nieser (1975)
    • 3.3. Effect of progressively adding continuous characters
    • 3.4. Congruence between different methods and the effect of homology accumulation
    • 3.5. Evolution of characters based on male genitalia
  • 4. Discussion
    • 4.1. The monophyly of the B. plebejum group s.l. is corroborated and there is also some evidence of the monophyly of the B. plebejum s.s. and B. pygmeum groups
    • 4.2. Belostoma micantulum is not supposed to have phylogenetic integrity
    • 4.3. The effects of using different methods, in general, seem to be much more visible than using different combinations of continuous characters
  • 5. Conclusion
  • 6. Authors’ contributions
  • 7. Funding
  • 8. Competing interests
  • 9. Acknowledgements
  • 10. References
  • Supplementary materials
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