Four hypotheses for the relationships among major groups of Tipuloidea in this study. Multiple sampling of different species from a single family/subfamily/tribe are collapsed into triangles. Numbers at the nodes are posterior probabilities/bootstrap values, NS = not support.

 
 
  Part of: Kang Z, Xu Y, Wang G, Yang D, Zhang X (2023) First mitochondrial genomes of the crane fly tribe Elephantomyiini (Diptera, Tipuloidea, Limoniidae): comparative analysis and phylogenetic implications. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 81: 731-746. https://doi.org/10.3897/asp.81.e97946