Bryaxis abdominalis Broun, 1880

Gular carinae gradually broadened toward apex (except for G. buckleyi); antennomere 5 slender and elongate; elytra sharply narrowed at base; leg with swollen femur; abdominal sternite V or VI often bearing spatula(e).

N = 10, 7♂♂ 3♀♀. — Holotype. ♂ point-mounted: “New Zealand: ND, Warawara St Forest, nr Hauturu Stm Campsite, 7-/Dec/2008, 35.22S 173.17E, sifting rotten wood and leaf litter, RL1372, R. Leschen, T. Buckley & D. Seldon // NZAC04291730”. — Paratypes. 1♂ point-mounted (NZAC04261726): “NEW ZEALAND: BP, Waimana Valley, II-1937 // A. E. Brooke Collection”. 1♂ point-mounted (NZAC04261720): “NEW ZEALAND: CL, Kopu Road, Coromandel Peninsula, 17-III-1967, leaf litter, R. A. Cumber”. 1♂ point-mounted (NZAC04261719): “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Kohuronaki 270 m, 24-XI-1982, litter and decayed wood 82/122, G. Kuschel”. 1♂ point-mounted (NZAC04261721): “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Mangamuka Summit, 13-XII-1976, litter 76/102, V. A. May”. 2♀♀ point-mounted (NZAC04291732; NZAC04291733): “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Puketi Forest, Manginagina Scen. Reserve (nr. HQ, Nature Walk), 18-III-2011, 35°12'40.80"S 173°47'36.20"E 320 m, sifting litter in mixed deciduous forest with Kauri, A. Schomann, J. Pedersen”. 2♂♂ DNA extracted and slide-mounted (NZAC, code absent) and 1♀ point-mounted (NZAC04291731): “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Warawara St Forest, nr Hauturu Stm Campsite, 7-XII-2008, 35.22S 173.17E, sifting rotten wood and leaflitter, RL1372, R. Leschen, T. Buckley & D. Seldon”.

Figure 5. 

Gastrobothrus angustus Choi, Leschen & Park, sp. nov. A Habitus, dorsal view. B Head. C Thorax. D Abdominal sternites; spatula [red arrow]. E Aedeagus. F Protibia and tarsus. G Mesotibia and tarsus. H Metatibia and tarsus; trichome [red arrow]. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.1 mm (B–H).

The specific epithet is the Latin word angustus (“narrow”, masculine) that refers to the relatively narrower pronotum than that of other species.

Pronotum with transverse sulcus (Fig. 5C); acute spatula on abdominal sternite VI in male (Fig. 5D); apical trichome on metatibia in male (Fig. 5H).

Color of body brown, elytra yellowish-brown. MALE: Measurements: Length 2.31 mm, width 0.89 mm (Fig. 5A). Head: Length 0.50 mm and width 0.51 mm (Fig. 5B); vertex sparsely covered with long setae, vertexal foveae moderate and setose; eye moderately developed, shorter than temple; ocular-mandibular carina present; gular carinae gradually broadened toward apex and not swollen ventrally (Fig. 4). Frontal fovea absent, frontal rostrum lacking and depressed medially; postantennal cavity vague. Antennal socket weakly developed; antenna unmodified overall, 11-segmented and antennal club consisting of three antennomeres; scape and pedicel cylindrical; 3–7 longer than wide and broadened apically; 8 shortest; 9–10 broadened apically; 11 longer than 9+10. Prothorax: Length 0.48 mm and width 0.54 mm (Fig. 5C). Pronotal median antebasal fovea reduced and asetose, lateral antebasal foveae less setose, transverse sulcus across foveae. Elytra: Length 0.59 mm and width 0.87 mm (Fig. 5C), and broadened markedly, widest 2.5 times as wide as base; basal fovea absent. Hindwing absent. Legs: Long and slender. Protibia and mesotibia with minute apical spine (Fig. 5F, G). Metatibia with apical trichome (Fig. 5H). Abdomen: Length 0.74 mm and width 0.89 mm. Sternite VI bearing acute triangular median spatula (Fig. 5D), as wide as median sclerite of sternite IX. Aedeagus: 0.46 mm long (Fig. 5E); parameres narrowed apically, with median spine and three setae; penis trullate. — FEMALE: Tibial spines and abdominal spatula absent.

North Island: BP, CL, ND (Fig. 2).

Leaf litter and rotten wood from mixed deciduous forest with kauri.

Adults of this species are close to G. inflatus (Sharp, 1874) comb. nov. in having moderate body size and leg but can be distinguished by an acute large abdominal spatula (Figs 5D, 11E).

N = 2, 2♂♂. Holotype. ♂ point-mounted: “NEW ZEALAND, ND, Mt Horokaka 518 m, Tangihua Ra., 16 Aug 1977, J. S. Dugdale // litter 77/97 // N.Z. Arthropod Collection, NZAC, Private Bag 92170, AUCKLAND, New Zealand // NZAC04261728”. Paratype. 1♂ DNA extracted and slide-mounted (NZAC, code absent): “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Radar Bush, Te Paki Rec Res., 8-XII-2015, 34°28'26.9"S 172°45'47.1"E, sifting moss, RL1852, R. Leschen, T. Buckley, D. Seldon, J. Tizzard & L. Walker”.

Figure 6. 

Gastrobothrus biligo Choi, Leschen & Park, sp. nov. A Habitus, dorsal view. B Head. C Thorax. D Abdominal sternites; spatula [red arrow]. E Aedeagus. F Protibia and tarsus. G Mesotibia and tarsus. H Metatibia and tarsus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.1 mm (B–H).

The specific epithet is a combination of the Latin words bi- (“having two parts”) and ligo (“hoe”, masculine) that refers to the paired spatulae on abdominal sternite V.

Pronotum with transverse sulcus (Fig. 6C); paired abdominal spatulae and depression on sternites IV–VIII (Fig. 6D); enlarged femur.

Color of body reddish-brown, elytra yellowish-brown. MALE: Measurements: Length 3.01 mm, width 1.04 mm (Fig. 6A). Head: Length 0.47 mm and width 0.52 mm (Fig. 6B); vertex sparsely covered with long setae, vertexal foveae enlarged and setose; eye moderately developed, situated anterior to level of vertexal foveae; ocular-mandibular carinae present; gular carinae gradually broadened toward apex and not swollen ventrally (Fig. 4). Frontal fovea absent; frontal rostrum lacking and depressed medially; postantennal cavity shallow. Antennal socket moderately developed; antenna unmodified overall, 11-segmented and antennal club consisting of three antennomeres; scape and pedicel cylindrical; 3–7 longer than wide and broadened apically; 8 shortest; 9–10 broadened apically; 11 longer than 9+10. Prothorax: Length 0.64 mm and width 0.67 mm (Fig. 6C). Pronotal median antebasal fovea reduced and asetose, lateral antebasal foveae less setose, transverse sulcus across foveae. Elytra: Length 0.87 mm and width 1.05 mm (Fig. 6C), and broadened markedly, widest 2.4 times as wide as base; basal fovea absent. Hindwing reduced. Legs: Robust. Protibia and mesotibia with prominent spine on apical (Fig. 6F, G). Mesotrochanter acutely extended ventrally. Metatibia simple (Fig. 6H). Abdomen: Length 1.03 mm and width 1.04 mm (Fig. 6D). Sternite V bearing two triangular basolateral spatulae curved medially. Aedeagus: 0.59 mm long (Fig. 6E); parameres enlarged apically, with short and long setae; penis ovoid; endophallus composed of robust armature and short armatures at base. — FEMALE: Unknown.

North Island: ND (Fig. 2).

Leaf litter and moss.

Adults of this species are similar to those of G. giganteus sp. nov. in having robust leg and short parameres and enlarged penis of aedeagus (Figs 6E, 9E) but can be distinguished by protibia without median spine (Figs 6F, 9F) and paired spatulae on the abdominal sternite V (Figs 6D, 9D).

N = 3, 2♂♂ 1♀. Paratype. 1♂ card-mounted (NZAC04261509): “NEW ZEALAND: TH, Three Kings Is., Tasman V, 2-Dec-1983, litter 83/117, J. C. Watt”. Nontypes. 1♂ 1♀ point-mounted (NZAC04261640; NZAC04261641): NEW ZEALAND: TH, Three Kings Is., Tasman V, 2-XII-1983, litter 83/117, J. C. Watt.

Figure 7. 

Gastrobothrus buckleyi Théry & Leschen, 2013. A Habitus, dorsal view. B Head, dorsal view. C Head, lateral view. D Thorax. E Abdominal sternites. F Aedeagus. G Protibia and tarsus. H Mesotibia and tarsus; apical tubercle [red arrow]. I Metatibia and tarsus; trichome [red arrow]. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.1 mm (B–I).

Frontal fovea present (Fig. 7B); gular carinae rounded at base, sharply broadened toward apex (Fig. 4) and acutely swollen ventrally (Fig. 7C). mesotibia bearing apical tubercle (Fig. 7G) and metatibia with apical trichome in male (Fig. 7H); abdominal sternite IX partially concealed by transparent lobe on sternite VIII (Fig. 7E); aedeagal endophallus robust and trifid at apex (Fig. 7F).

See Théry and Leschen (2013).

North Island: TH (not on mainland).

Leaf litter and rotten wood.

N = 1, 1♂. Holotype. ♂ point-mounted: “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Cape Reinga, Toputupotu Bay, 4-V-1999, 34'26S 172'42E, Berlesate 406, R. Leschen, G. Hall, R. Hoare // NZAC04261631”.

Figure 8. 

Gastrobothrus directus Choi, Leschen & Park, sp. nov. A Habitus, dorsal view. B Head. C Pronotum. D Elytra. E Abdominal sternites. F Aedeagus. G Protibia and tarsus. H Mesotibia. I Metatibia and tarsus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.1 mm (B–I).

The specific epithet is the Latin word directus (“laid straight”, masculine) that refers to the endophallic armature of this species.

Protibia with minute apical spine (Fig. 8G). abdominal spatula absent; aedeagus with straight endophallic armature (Fig. 8F).

Color of body light brown, elytra yellowish-brown. MALE: Measurements: Length 2.33 mm, width 0.82 mm (Fig. 8A). Head: Length 0.44 mm and width 0.45 mm (Fig. 8B); vertex covered with long setae, vertexal foveae markedly setose; eye well-developed, shorter than temple; ocular-mandibular carina absent; gular carinae gradually broadened toward apex and gently swollen ventrally (Fig. 4). Frontal fovea absent, frontal rostrum lacking and depressed medially; postantennal cavity vague. Antennal socket well-developed; antenna unmodified overall, 11-segmented and antennal club consisting of three antennomeres; scape cylindrical and longer than wide; pedicel cylindrical; 3–4 broadened apically; 5 longer than wide; 6–7 identical; 8 shortest; 11 as long as 9+10. Prothorax: Length 0.49 mm and width 0.52 mm (Fig. 8C). Pronotal median antebasal fovea reduced and asetose, lateral antebasal foveae setose. Elytra: Length 0.55 mm and width 0.79 mm (Fig. 8D), and broadened posteriorly, widest 2.1 times as wide as base; basal fovea absent. Legs: Long and straight. Pro- and mesotibiae with minute apical spine (Fig. 8G, H). Metatibia plain (Fig. 8I). Abdomen: Length 0.85 mm and width 0.74 mm (Fig. 8E), lacking median spatula. Aedeagus: 0.6 mm long (Fig. 8F); parameres broadened apically and notched on apex, bearing apical seta; penis ovoid; endophallic armature straight. — FEMALE: Unknown.

North Island: ND (Fig. 2).

Leaf litter.

Adult of this species is very close to those of G. planiventris sp. nov. but can be distinguished by the endophallus with straight armature (Figs 8F, 15E).

N = 6, 6♂♂. Holotype. ♂ point-mounted: “New Zealand: ND, Waima Forest, Trk. nr. Taita Rd, 19/Feb/2011, 35 31'51.40S 173 26'31.70E (±260 m) 220 m, sifting litter in mixed deciduous forest, A. Schomann & J. Pedersen // ZMUC collection // NZAC04291734”. Paratypes. 1♂ DNA extracted and slide-mounted (NZAC, code absent): “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Puketi Forest, Manginangina Scen. Reserve (nr. HQ, Nature Walk), 18-III-2011, 35°12'40.80"S 173°47'36.20"E 320 m, sifting litter in mixed deciduous forest, A. Schomann & J. Pedersen // ZMUC collection”. 1♂ point-mounted (NZAC04261715): “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Waimatenui, 10-III-1962, litter, R. A. Cumber”. 2♂♂ point-mounted (AMNZ35571; AMNZ35572): “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Waipoua Forest 100 m, 13-XI-2000, ex bush litter on roadside, NZMS 260 O06 622165, S. E. Thorpe”. 1♂ point-mounted (NZAC04261716): “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Waipoua SF, Wairau Smt 390 m, 14-IV-1980, sifting litter 80/51, J. C. Watt”.

Figure 9. 

Gastrobothrus giganteus Choi, Leschen & Park, sp. nov. A Habitus, dorsal view. B Head. C Thorax. D Abdominal sternites; spatula [red arrow]. E Aedeagus. F Protibia and tarsus; median spine [red arrow]. G Mesotibia and tarsus. H Metatibia and tarsus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.1 mm (B–H).

The specific epithet is the Latin word giganteus (“gigantic”, masculine) that refers to the exceptionally large body size of this species.

Large body size; setose frontal fovea on head (Fig. 9B); pronotum with transverse sulcus (Fig. 9C); triangular spatula on abdominal sternite VI (Fig. 9D); acute spine on middle of protibia (Fig. 9F).

Color of body reddish-brown, head and pronotum darker. MALE: Measurements: Length 3.61 mm, width 1.44 mm (Fig. 9A). Head: Length 0.64 mm and width 0.64 mm (Fig. 9B); vertex sparsely covered with long setae, vertexal foveae enlarged and less setose; eye moderately developed, situated anterior to level of vertexal foveae; ocular-mandibular carinae not complete; gular carinae gradually broadened toward apex and not swollen ventrally (Fig. 4). Frontal fovea distinct, frontal rostrum lacking and depressed medially; postantennal cavity shallow. Antennal socket moderately developed; antenna long and unmodified overall, 11-segmented and antennal club consisting of three antennomeres; scape and pedicel cylindrical; 3–7 elongated; 8 shortest; 9–10 broadened apically; 11 as long as 9+10. Prothorax: Length 0.80 mm and width 0.87 mm (Fig. 9C). Pronotal median antebasal fovea reduced and asetose, lateral antebasal foveae setose, transverse sulcus across foveae. Elytra: Length 1.01 mm and width 1.44 mm (Fig. 9C), and broadened markedly, widest 2.8 times as wide as base; basal fovea absent. Hindwing reduced. Legs: Robust and long. Protibia with acute median spine (Fig. 9F). Mesotrochanter acutely extended at ventral (Fig. 9D). Metatibia simple (Fig. 9H). Abdomen: Length 1.16 mm and width 1.43 mm (Fig. 9D). Sternite VI bearing large triangular median spatula, as wide as median sclerite of sternite IX. Aedeagus: 0.97 mm long (Fig. 9E); parameres broadened and bifid apically, with two short setae; penis ovoid; endophallus composed of irregular armatures. — FEMALE: Unknown.

North Island: ND (Fig. 2).

Leaf litter from mixed deciduous forest.

Adults of this species are similar to those of G. pilosus sp. nov. in having dark brown pronotum with a prominent sulcus (Figs 9C, 14C) but can be easily distinguished by the large body size (Fig. 9A), distinct frontal fovea and weakly setose vertexal foveae (Fig. 9B), and protibia with an acute spine at middle level (Fig. 9F).

N = 1, 1♂. Holotype. ♂ point-mounted: “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Tangihua Range, N. Auckland, 1800–2000 m, 27-X-1936, E. Fairburn // A. E. Brookes Collection // NZAC04261625”.

Figure 10. 

Gastrobothrus grossus Choi, Leschen & Park, sp. nov. A Habitus, dorsal view. B Head. C Pronotum. D Elytra. E Abdominal sternites. F Aedeagus. G Protibia and tarsus. H Mesotibia and tarsus. I Metatibia and tarsus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.1 mm (B–I).

The specific epithet is the Latin word grossus (“stout”, masculine) that refers to thick femora and tibiae of this species.

Femur and tibia stout, protibia with triangular apical spine (Fig. 10G), mesotibia with acute apical spine (Fig. 10H); abdominal sternites lacking spatula; aedeagal parameres curved medially (Fig. 10F).

Color of body dark brown, elytra brighter. MALE: Measurements: Length 2.45 mm, width 0.92 mm (Fig. 10A). Head: Length 0.44 mm, width 0.48 mm (Fig. 10B); vertex sparsely covered with long setae, vertexal foveae setose; eye well-developed, shorter than temple; ocular-mandibular carina absent; gular carinae gradually broadened toward apex and gently swollen ventrally (Fig. 4). Frontal fovea absent; frontal rostrum lacking and depressed medially; postantennal cavity vague. Antennal socket gently protruded; antenna long and unmodified overall, 11-segmented and club consisting of three antennomeres; scape cylindrical and longer than wide; pedicel as long as antennomere 3; 3 broadened apically and as long as 4; 5 elongated; 6–7 identical; 8 shortest; 9 slightly swollen at middle level; 11 almost as long as 9+10. Prothorax: Length 0.49 mm and width 0.57 mm (Fig. 10C). Pronotal median antebasal fovea reduced and asetose, lateral antebasal foveae setose, transverse sulcus absent. Elytra: Length 0.63 mm and width 0.92 mm (Fig. 10D), and broadened markedly, widest 2.6 times as wide as base; basal fovea absent. Legs: Robust and long. Pro-, meso-, and metatibiae with acute spine apically (Fig. 10G–I). Abdomen: Length 0.89 mm and width 0.90 mm (Fig. 10E). Sternites IV–VIII depressed medially, abdominal spatula absent. Aedeagus: 0.6 mm long (Fig. 10F); parameres stubby and curved medially, apex enlarged, inward and outward setae on apex; penis ovoid and well-sclerotized basally. — FEMALE: Unknown.

North Island: ND (Fig. 2).

Unknown.

Adult of this species is similar to those of G. lunatus sp. nov. in having robust femur and tibia (Figs 10A, 12A) but can be distinguished by the absence of median spine on the protibia and abdominal spatula.

Dorsal side of body smooth, rarely punctate and nearly asetose; metatibiae bearing apical trichome.

Body overall shiny, hardly covered with setae. Color of body dark and reddish-brown color, tarsus brighter. Head: Wider than long, bearing asetose frontal fovea and vertexal foveae; eye shorter than temple. Antenna unmodified overall, 11-segmented and antennal club consisting of three antennomeres; non-club antennomere short. Pronotum: Wider than long, median antebasal fovea punctiform and asetose, lateral antebasal foveae setose. Elytra: Wider than long, hardly punctate and nearly asetose. Legs: Slender and long. Metatibia with apical trichome. Abdomen: As wide as elytra. Tergite III largest; paratergites III–IV thick.

North Island: ND (Fig. 2).

Unknown.

The collection locality of the holotype representing Bryaxis ignotus Broun, 1881 is Manaia, Whangarei Harbour, which overlaps that of paratypes representing G. retusus sp. nov. (Mair Park, Whangarei). Nonetheless, this species may be distinguished from G. retusus sp. nov. by the absence of protibial spine on middle. The holotype of this species was not examined for this paper. The brief description is based on the image provided in Shen and Leschen (2019).

N = 18, 13♂♂ 5♀♀. 1♂ 1♀ point-mounted (NZAC04261732; NZAC04261733): NEW ZEALAND: AK, Bethells, Matuku Res., 25-VIII-1992, moss 92/47, G. Hall. 1♀ point-mounted (AMNZ66250): NEW ZEALAND: AK, Mataitai Forest S. A., III-2002, pitfall D13, A. Warren. 1♂ DNA extracted and slide-mounted (NZAC, code absent): NEW ZEALAND: AK, Waitakere Ranges Reg. Park, Kauri Grove Trk., 2-II-2011, 36.964526°S, 174.512425°E (±250m), 300 m, deciduous forest with Kauri, sifted litter & handpick, Scho002, A. Schomann and J. Pedersen. 1♂ point-mounted (NZAC04261723): NEW ZEALAND: BP, Lottin Point Road, Waenga Bush, 27-I-1993, litter, J. I. Townsend. 1♂ point-mounted (NZAC04261722): NEW ZEALAND: BP, Papatea, 25-I-1993, litter 93/1, J. S. Dugdale. 1♂ point-mounted (NZAC04261724): NEW ZEALAND: BP, Te Koau, Hovells, Watching Dog Track 360 m, 31-I-1993, litter 93/11, J. S. Dugdale. 2♂♂ point-mounted (AMNZ26786; AMNZ26788): NEW ZEALAND: CL, Cuvier I., Old Radar Station, 200 m, 10-XI-1999–18-XI-1999, grassy clearing, yellow pan trap L8177, J. W. Early, S. E. Thorpe. 1♀ point-mounted (AMNZ29721): NEW ZEALAND: CL, Cuvier I., Pumphouse Stream, 120 m, 4-IV-2000, wet rotting nikau fronds on ground L8232, R. F. Gilbert. 1♂ point-mounted (AMNZ31070): NEW ZEALAND: CL, Cuvier I., Radar Clearing, 200 m, 29-III-2000–5-IV-2000, forest edge, yellow pan trap L8241, J. W. Early, R. F. Gilbert. 1♂ point-mounted (NZAC04261738): NEW ZEALAND: CL, Great Barrier I, Mt Hobson 620 m, 23-III-1978–28-III-1978, litter 78/134, ESNZ Field trip. 1♂ point-mounted (NZAC04261729): NEW ZEALAND: RI, Ohakune, 20-III-1969, R. A. Cumber. 1♂ 1♀ point-mounted (NZAC04261730; NZAC04291729): NEW ZEALAND: WO, Kawhia, 19-III-1959, R. A. Cumber. 1♂ slide-mounted (NZAC04261731): NEW ZEALAND: WO, Mahoenui, Gribbons Road, 26-VI-1977, sifted litter 77/78, N. H. Mancer. 1♂ 1♀ point-mounted (NZAC04261743; NZAC04261744): NEW ZEALAND: WO, Waitomo, 24-V-1983, decayed wood and litter 83/56, G. Kuschel.

Figure 11. 

Gastrobothrus inflatus (Sharp, 1874), comb. nov. A Habitus, dorsal view. B Head, dorsal view. C Head, lateral view. D Thorax. E Abdominal sternites; spatula [red arrow]. F Aedeagus. G Protibia and tarsus. H Mesotibia and tarsus. I Metatibia and tarsus; trichome [red arrow]. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.1 mm (B–H).

Pronotum with transverse sulcus (Fig. 11C); pro- and mesotibia with minute apical spine in male (Fig. 11G, H); metatibia with apical trichome in male (Fig. 11I); abdominal sternite VI with fine median spatula in male (Fig. 11E).

Color of body reddish-brown, elytra and appendages brighter. MALE: Measurements: Length 2.61–2.79 mm, width 0.96–1.17 mm (Fig. 11A). Head: Length 0.55–0.61 mm, width 0.52–0.56 mm (Fig. 11B, C); vertex sparsely covered with long setae, vertexal foveae setose; eye shorter than temple; ocular-mandibular carinae present; gular carinae gradually broadened toward apex and gently swollen ventrally (Figs 4, 11C). Frontal fovea faint, frontal rostrum lacking and depressed medially; postantennal cavity absent. Antennal socket moderately developed; antenna unmodified overall, 11-segmented and antennal club consisting of three antennomeres; scape cylindrical; pedicel parallel; antennomeres 3–5 elongate; 6–7 subequal in length; 8 shortest, slightly longer than wide; 9–10 nearly symmetrical; 11 largest. Prothorax: Length 0.53–0.56 mm and width 0.60–0.63 mm (Fig. 11D). Pronotal median antebasal fovea small and asetose, lateral antebasal foveae setose, transverse antebasal sulcus prominent. Elytra: Length 0.68–0.72 mm and width 0.94–1.11 mm (Fig. 11D), and broadened markedly, widest 2.4–2.6 times as wide as base; basal fovea absent. Legs: Slender and long. Protibia straight with tiny apical spine (Fig. 11G). Mesotibia straight with tiny apical spine (Fig. 11H). Metatibia straight with apical trichome (Fig. 11I). Abdomen: Length 0.80–0.92 mm and width 0.96–1.17 mm (Fig. 11E). Tergites IV–VII narrowed in order, bearing basolateral foveae; IV with mediobasal foveae. Sternites III–IV with mediobasal foveae; IV with basolateral foveae; V–VIII lacking fovea; VI with mediobasal spatula small and triangular; median sclerite of IX somewhat triangular, wider than abdominal spatula. Aedeagus: 0.76 mm (Fig. 11F); parameres small, blunt apex with two apical setae and single subapical seta on each paramere; penis guttiform; endophallus not sclerotized. — FEMALE: Eye less developed; fore leg and mid leg unmodified.

North Island: AK, BP, CL, RI, WO (Fig. 2).

Leaf litter and moss from deciduous forest with kauri. Rotten fronds of nikau on ground.

The collection locality of the holotype representing Bryaxis inflata Sharp, 1874 is Auckland. Although several specimens examined this study were collected from BP and CL where two paratypes of G. angustus sp. nov. were originated, they are distinguished from each other by size of abdominal spatula (Figs 5D, 11D).

N = 5, 5♂♂. Holotype. ♂ point-mounted: “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Waimatenui, 10 Mar 1962, R. A. Cumber // litter // R. A. Cumber Collection // N.Z. Arthropod Collection, NZAC, Private Bag 92170, AUCKLAND, New Zealand // NZAC04261608”. Paratypes. 2♂♂ point-mounted (NZAC04261597; NZAC04261607): “NEW ZEALAND, ND, Waimatenui, 10-III-1962, litter, R. A. Cumber”. 2♂♂ card-mounted (NZAC04261601; NZAC04261602): “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Waipoua Forest, 24-XI-1994, leaf litter, J. T. Nunn”.

Figure 12. 

Gastrobothrus lunatus Choi, Leschen & Park, sp. nov. A Habitus, dorsal view. B Head. C Thorax. D Abdominal sternites; spatula [red arrow]. E Aedeagus. F Protibia and tarsus; median spine [red arrow]. G Mesotibia and tarsus. H Metatibia and tarsus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.1 mm (B–H).

The specific epithet is the Latin word lunatus (“crescent”, masculine) that refers to the half-moon-shaped abdominal spatula of this species.

Acute spine at middle level of protibia (Fig. 12F); transversely elliptic spatula on abdominal sternite V (Fig. 12D).

Color of body brown. MALE: Measurements: Length 2.76 mm, width 1.01 mm (Fig. 12A). Head: Length 0.43 mm and width 0.50 mm (Fig. 12B); vertex moderately covered with long and short setae, vertexal foveae asetose; eye moderately developed, shorter than temple; ocular-mandibular carinae absent; gular carinae gradually broadened toward apex and not swollen ventrally (Fig. 4). Frontal fovea faint, frontal rostrum lacking and depressed medially; postantennal cavity vague. Antennal socket gently protruded; antenna long and unmodified overall, 11-segmented and antennal club consisting of three antennomeres; scape cylindrical and longer than wide; pedicel as long as antennomere 3; 3 broadened apically and as long as 4; 5 elongated; 6–7 identical; 8 shortest; 11 almost as long as 9+10. Prothorax: Length 0.55 mm and width 0.60 mm (Fig. 12C). Pronotal median antebasal fovea reduced and asetose, lateral antebasal foveae setose, transverse sulcus absent. Elytra: Length 0.69 mm and width 0.98 mm (Fig. 12C), and broadened markedly, widest 2.7 times as wide as base; basal fovea absent. Legs: Robust and long. Protibia with moderately acute spine on middle (Fig. 12F). Mesotibia with minute apical spine (Fig. 12G). Metatibia plain (Fig. 12H). Abdomen: Length 1.09 mm and width 1.01 mm (Fig. 12D). Sternite V bearing median spatula, as wide as gap between mediobasal foveae on sternite IV (Fig. 12D). Aedeagus: 0.84 mm long (Fig. 12E); parameres slender and curved internally, apex enlarged, inward and outward setae on subapical; penis elongated ovoid and well-sclerotized basally; endophallus composed of fine armatures pointed anteriorly. — FEMALE: Unknown.

North Island: ND (Fig. 2).

Leaf litter.

Adults of this species are similar to those of G. quadrus sp. nov. in having robust femur and a prominent spine on the middle of protibia (Figs 12F, 17F) but can be distinguished by a wide elliptic spatula on the abdominal sternite V (Fig. 12D).

N = 4, 4♂♂. Holotype. ♂ point-mounted: “NEW ZEALAND: AK, Lynfield, 4-XII-1974, G. Kuschel // NZAC04261577”. Paratypes. 2♂♂ point-mounted (NZAC04261580; NZAC04261622): “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Kauri Sanct., Omahuta SF, 16-VII-1974, litter 74/40, G. Kuschel”. 1♂ point-mounted (NZAC04261638): “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Waipoua, Waikohatu Stm, 30-X-1985, sifted litter 85/49, R. C. Craw”.

Figure 13. 

Gastrobothrus occultus Choi, Leschen & Park, sp. nov. A Habitus, dorsal habitus. B Head. C Pronotum. D Elytra. E Abdominal sternites. F Aedeagus. G Protibia and tarsus. H Mesotibia. I Metatibia and tarsus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.1 mm (B–I).

The specific epithet is the Latin word occultus (“concealed”, masculine) that refers to completely reduced median antebasal fovea on the pronotum of this species.

Median antebasal fovea on pronotum barely visible (Fig. 13C); abdominal spatula absent (Fig. 13E).

Color of reddish-brown, elytra and appendages brighter. MALE: Measurements: Length 2.02 mm, width 0.75 mm (Fig. 13A). Head: Length 0.39 mm and width 0.41 mm (Fig. 13B); vertex sparsely covered with long setae, vertexal foveae setose; eye well-developed, as long as temple; ocular-mandibular carina absent; gular carinae gradually broadened toward apex and gently swollen ventrally (Fig. 4). Frontal fovea absent, frontal rostrum lacking and depressed medially; postantennal cavity vague. Antennal socket well-developed; antennae unmodified overall, 11-segmented and club consisting of three antennomeres; scape cylindrical and longer than wide; pedicel cylindrical; 3–4 broadened apically; 5 longer than wide; 6–7 identical; 8 shortest; 11 as long as 9+10. Prothorax: Length 0.39 mm and width 0.45 mm (Fig. 13C). Median antebasal fovea on pronotum completely reduced, lateral antebasal foveae setose. Elytra: Length 0.51 mm and width 0.75 mm (Fig. 13D), and markedly broadened posteriorly, widest 2.6 times as wide as base; basal fovea absent. Legs: Long and stout. Protibia with blunt spine apically (Fig. 13G). Mesotibia with minute spine apically (Fig. 13H). Metatibia plain (Fig. 13I). Abdomen: Length 0.73 mm and width 0.74 mm (Fig. 13E), lacking median spatula. Aedeagus: 0.54 mm long (Fig. 13F); parameres skinny and curved outward at apex, bearing apical short seta and subapical long seta; penis fusiform; endophallus composed of two straight armatures. — FEMALE: Unknown.

North Island: AK, ND (Fig. 2).

Leaf litter.

Adults of this species is similar to those of G. planiventris sp. nov. but may be distinguished by smaller lateral antebasal foveae and barely visible median antebasal fovea on the pronotum (Fig. 13C) and the short aedeagal parameres (Fig. 13F).

N = 3, 1♂ 2♀♀. Holotype. ♂ DNA extracted and slide-mounted (NZAC, code absent): “New Zealand: ND, Waipoua Forest, Yakas Trk. (ca 1km of Tane Mahuta), 19/Mar/2011, 35 36'27.80S 173 32'6.30E (±450 m), sifting litter, A. Schomann & J. Pedersen // ZMUC collection”. Paratypes. 1♀ point-mounted (NZAC04261671): “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Omahuta SF, 23-IV-1975, liverworts and mosses from tree bases and ground 75/142, J. S. Dugdale”. 1♀ point-mounted (NZAC04291735): “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Waipoua Forest, Yakas Trk. (ca 1km of Tane Mahuta), 19-III-2011, 35°36'27.80"S 173°32'6.30"E, sifting litter, A. Schomann & J. Pedersen // ZMUC collection”.

Figure 14. 

Gastrobothrus pilosus Choi, Leschen & Park, sp. nov. A Habitus, dorsal view. B Head. C Thorax. D Abdominal sternites; spatula [red arrow]. E Aedeagus. F Protibia and tarsus. G Mesotibia and tarsus. H Metatibia and tarsus; trichome [red arrow]. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.1 mm (B–H).

The specific epithet is the Latin word pilosus (“hairy”, masculine) that refers to the head coarsely covered with long yellow setae.

Shallow punctiform depression on frons (Fig. 14B); moderate trichome on apical of metatibia (Fig. 14H); semicircular spatula on abdominal sternite VI in male (Fig. 14D).

Color of body brown, head and pronotum darker. MALE: Measurements: Length 2.62 mm, width 1.10 mm (Fig. 14A). Head: Length 0.46 mm and width 0.56 mm (Fig. 14B); vertex moderately covered with long setae, vertexal foveae moderate and markedly setose; eye well-developed, shorter than temple; ocular-mandibular carina present; gular carinae gradually broadened toward apex and not swollen ventrally (Fig. 4). Frontal fovea shallow, frontal rostrum lacking and depressed medially; postantennal cavity vague. Antennal socket moderately developed; antenna short and unmodified overall, 11-segmented and club consisting of three antennomeres; scape cylindrical and longer than wide; pedicel cylindrical; 3–4 broadened apically; 5 elongated; 6–7 broadened apically; 8–10 wider than long and projected internally; 8 shortest; 11 longer than 9+10. Prothorax: Length 0.62 mm and width 0.65 mm (Fig. 14C). Pronotal median antebasal fovea reduced and asetose, lateral antebasal foveae setose, transverse sulcus across foveae. Elytra: Length 0.72 mm and width 1.02 mm (Fig. 14C), and broadened markedly, widest 2.4 times as wide as base; basal fovea absent. Hindwing absent. Legs: Robust and long. Protibia and mesotibia with minute apical spine (Fig. 14F, G). Metatibia with moderate apical trichome (Fig. 14H). Abdomen: Length 0.82 mm and width 1.10 mm (Fig. 14D). Sternite VI bearing wide semicircular median spatula, wider than median sclerite of sternite IX. Aedeagus: 0.77 mm long (Fig. 14E); parameres slender and narrowed apically, with two short setae and one long seta; penis fusiform; endophallus composed of paired triangular armatures. — FEMALE: Tibial spines and abdominal spatula absent.

North Island: ND (Fig. 2).

Leaf litter. Liverwort and moss from tree bases and ground.

Adults of this species are similar to those of G. inflatus (Sharp, 1874) comb. nov. in having setose vertexal foveae (Figs 11B, 14B) but can be easily distinguished by a large semicircular spatula on the abdominal sternite VI (Fig. 14D).

N = 12, 12♂♂. Holotype. ♂ point-mounted: “NEW ZEALAND: WO, Waharoa, 4 Jan 1992, P. A. Maddison, Litter 92/1 // NZAC04261629”. Paratypes. 1♂ point-mounted (AMNZ27144): “NEW ZEALAND: AK, Auckland 20 m, Western Springs, 4-I-2000, litter under pine trees, NZMS 260 R11 642805, S. E. Thorpe”. 1♂ card-mounted (NZAC, code absent): “NEW ZEALAND: AK, Auckland, 26-VI-1932, Kauri gully, C. E. Clarke”. 1♂ point-mounted (NZAC04261575): “NEW ZEALAND: AK, Lynfield, 19-III-1977, G. Kuschel”. 1♂ card-mounted (NZAC, code absent): “NEW ZEALAND: AK, Papakura, 17-I-1942, A. Richard”. 1♂ card-mounted (NZAC04261627): “NEW ZEALAND: AK, Papakura, 19-X-1935, E. S. Gourlay”. 1♂ card-mounted (NZAC04261574): “NEW ZEALAND: BP, Tui Rd at gate, Mt Te Aroha, 19-XI-2005, moss from drainage ditch, J. T. Nunn”. 1♂ point-mounted (NZAC04261630): “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Waipoua SF, 100 m, Kauri Ricker TK, 13-IV-1980, sifted litter 80/49, J. C. Watt”. 2♂♂ DNA extracted and slide-mounted (NZAC, code absent): “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Warawara St Forest, nr Hauturu Stm Campsite, 7-XII-2008, 35.22S 173.17E, sifting rotten wood and leaf litter, RL1372, R. Leschen, T. Buckley, and D. Seldon”. 1♂ card-mounted (NZAC04261636): “NEW ZEALAND: TK, Patea Walk, Egmont MP, 3-I-1990, 1543, J. T. Nunn”. 1♂ point-mounted (NZAC04261581): “NEW ZEALAND: WO, Piripiri, Caves Reserve, 25-V-1986, leaf litter, CL 480, C. L. Lyal”.

Figure 15. 

Gastrobothrus planiventris Choi, Leschen & Park, sp. nov. A Habitus, dorsal view. B Head. C Thorax. D Abdominal sternites. E Aedeagus. F Protibia and tarsus. G Mesotibia and tarsus. H Metatibia and tarsus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.1 mm (B–H).

The specific epithet is a combination of the Latin words planus (“flat”, masculine) and ventris (“abdomen”, masculine) that refers to the unmodified abdomen.

Abdominal spatula absent (Fig. 15D); aedeagus with elongate curved endophallic armature (Fig. 15E).

Color of body brown, elytra yellowish-brown. MALE: Measurements: Length 2.53 mm, width 0.97 mm (Fig. 15A). Head: Length 0.45 mm and width 0.51 mm (Fig. 15B); vertex moderately covered with long setae, vertexal foveae markedly setose; eye moderately developed, shorter than temple; ocular-mandibular carina indistinct; gular carinae gradually broadened toward apex and gently swollen ventrally (Fig. 4). Frontal fovea absent, frontal rostrum lacking and depressed medially; postantennal cavity vague. Antennal socket well-developed; antenna unmodified overall, 11-segmented and club consisting of three antennomere; scape cylindrical and longer than wide; pedicel rectangular; 3–4 broadened apically; 5 longer than wide; 6–7 identical; 8 shortest; 11 as long as 9+10. Prothorax: Length 0.57 mm and width 0.61 mm (Fig. 15C). Pronotal median antebasal fovea reduced and asetose, lateral antebasal foveae setose. Elytra: Length 0.63 mm and width 0.91 mm (Fig. 15C), and broadened markedly, widest 2.4 times as wide as base; basal fovea absent. Hindwing absent. Legs: Long and slender. Protibia and mesotibia with minute apical spine (Fig. 15F, G). Metatibiae plain (Fig. 15H). Abdomen: Length 0.88 mm and width 0.97 mm (Fig. 15D), lacking median spatula. Aedeagus: 0.61 mm long (Fig. 15E); parameres broadened apically with apical seta; penis ovoid; endophallus composed of short armature and long armature curved medially. — FEMALE: Unknown.

North Island: AK, BP, ND, TK, WO (Fig. 2).

Leaf litter under pine tree. Moss from drainage ditch. Rotten wood.

Adults of this species are similar to those of G. sharpi (Broun, 1880) in having hairy body and thick paratergites III (Figs 15A, 19A) but can be distinguished by abdominal sternites without modification (Fig. 15D).

Rectangular head; slender and simple leg.

Color of head–pronotum moderately dark brown, elytra–abdomen and legs brighter and reddish-brown. Head: Wider than long, bearing asetose vertexal foveae; eye shorter than temple. Antennae composed of 11 antennomeres and club consisting of three antennomeres. Pronotum: Wider than long, sparsely covered with long setae, median antebasal fovea punctiform and asetose, lateral antebasal foveae setose. Elytra: Wider than long, sparsely punctate and hardly setose. Legs: Slender, without modifications. Abdomen: As wide as elytra, moderately covered with long setae. Tergite III as long as IV; paratergites III–IV thin.

North Island: ND (Fig. 2).

Unknown.

The holotype of this species was not examined for this paper. The brief description is based on the image provided in Shen and Leschen (2019). Note that the distribution of Hawkes Bay (HB), was in error in Shen and Leschen (2019) and it should be corrected to Northland, the location of northern Wairoa.

N = 7, 3♂♂ 4♀♀. Holotype. ♂ point-mounted: “New Zealand, ND, Waipoua Forest, Hill south of DoC HQ, Ngãpuhi, Ngãti Whãtua, Te Roroa, 5/Feb/2006, 35.65090 S 173.55724 E, sifting litter & dead wood, RL1102, T. Buckley and R. Hoare // NZAC04291724”. Paratypes. 1♀ point-mounted (AMNZ84815): “NEW ZEALAND: AK, Atuanui, Mt Auckland, I-2002, pitfall B25, A Warren”. 1♂ DNA extracted and slide-mounted (NZAC, code absent): “NEW ZEALAND: AK, Waitakere Ra., Kauri Grove TK, 20-X-2017, 36.965000°S, 174.503167°E, sifted leaf litter, JWS0021, Z. McGrath and J. Shen”. 1♀ point-mounted (NZAC04261598): “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Mt Horokaka 518 m, Tangihua Ra, 16-VIII-1977, litter 77/97, J. S. Dugdale”. 1♀ point-mounted (NZAC04261619): “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Te Paki, Coastal Reserve, Wirihi Swamp, 19-X-1982, litter 82/98, C. F. Butcher”. 1♀ point-mounted (NZAC04261618): “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Te Paki, Radar Bush, 12-I-2007–12-II-2007, Native bush., pitfall trap 5, O. Ball”. 1♂ point-mounted (NZAC04261617): “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Te Paki, Radar Bush, 13-IV-2007–14-V-2007, Native bush., pitfall trap 3, O. Ball”.

Figure 16. 

Gastrobothrus pumilus Choi, Leschen & Park, sp. nov. A Habitus, dorsal view. B Head. C Thorax. D Abdominal sternites; spatula [red arrow]. E Aedeagus. F Protibia and tarsus. G Mesotibia and tarsus. H Metatibia and tarsus; trichome [red arrow]. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.1 mm (B–H).

The specific epithet is the Latin word pumilus (“dwarf”, masculine) that refers to the small body size of this species.

Metatibia with apical trichome (Fig. 16H); abdominal sternite V with shallow triangular spatula (Fig. 16D).

Color of body reddish-brown. MALE: Measurements: Length 1.76 mm, width 0.69 mm (Fig. 16A). Head: Length 0.33 mm and width 0.36 mm (Fig. 16B); vertex sparsely covered with short setae, vertexal foveae setose; eye moderately developed, shorter than temple; ocular-mandibular carina not complete, ventrolateral margin extending beneath eye; gular carinae gradually broadened toward apex and gently swollen ventrally (Fig. 4). Frontal fovea absent, frontal rostrum lacking and depressed medially; postantennal cavity vague. Antennal socket barely developed; antenna short and unmodified overall, 11-segmented and club consisting of three antennomere; scape asymmetrical and as long as wide; pedicel ovoid; 3–5 broadened apically; 6 narrowed; 7 trapezoidal; 8–10 transverse; 8 shortest; 11 longer than 9+10. Prothorax: Length 0.39 mm and width 0.40 mm (Fig. 16C). Pronotal median antebasal fovea reduced and asetose, lateral antebasal foveae setose. Elytra: Length 0.52 mm and width 0.66 mm (Fig. 16C), and broadened markedly, widest 2.7 times as wide as base; basal fovea absent. Hindwing absent. Legs: Slender. Protibia with fine apical spine (Fig. 16F). Metatibia with long apical trichome (Fig. 16H). Abdomen: Length 0.52 mm and width 0.69 mm (Fig. 16D). Sternite V bearing wide triangular median spatula, wider than median sclerite of sternite IX. Aedeagus: 0.39 mm long (Fig. 16E); parameres slender and plain with two setae; penis ovoid; endophallus with two pairs of longitudinal armatures. — FEMALE: Tibial spines and abdominal spatula absent.

North Island: AK, ND (Fig. 2).

Leaf litter and rotten wood.

Adults of this species are similar to those of G. buckleyi Théry & Leschen, 2013 in having small body size but can be distinguished by absence of frontal fovea, setose vertexal foveae (Fig. 16B), setose lateral antebasal foveae on pronotum (Fig. 16C), and spatula on the abdominal sternite V (Fig. 16D).

N = 8, 4♂♂ 4♀♀. Holotype. ♂ point-mounted: “New Zealand: ND, Waipoua Forest, Yakas Trk. (ca 1 km of Tane Mahuta), 19/Mar/2011, 35 36'27.80 S 173 32'6.30 E 340m, sifting litter, A. Schomann & J. Pedersen // ZMUC collection // NZAC04291725”. Paratypes. 1♂ point-mounted (AMNZ35069): “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Aranga, Trounson Kauri Park, 1-XI-2000, litter in forest remnant, NZMS 260 O07 695087, S. E. Thorpe”. 1♀ point-mounted (NZAC04261610): “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Waipoua Forest, Yakas Track, 6-II-1995, litter, bracket fungus & Rhopalostylis sapida bases, J. Klimaszewski”. 1♂ DNA extracted and slide-mounted (NZAC, code absent) and 1♀ point-mounted (NZAC04291726): “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Waipoua Forest, Yakas Trk. (ca 1 km of Tane Mahuta), 19-III-2011, 35°36'27.80"S 173°32'6.30E" 340m, sifting litter, A. Schomann & J. Pedersen // ZMUC collection”. 1♀ point-mounted (NZAC04261600): “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Waipoua SF, 290 m, Waikohatu Bridge, 14-IV-1980, litter 80/53, J. C. Watt”. 1♀ point-mounted (NZAC04261599): “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Waipoua SF, Toatoa Grove, 25-XI-1980, plants and litter 80/117, G. Kuschel”. 1♂ point-mounted (NZAC04261596): “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Waipoua, Waikohatu Stm, 30-X-1985, sifted litter 85/49, R. C. Craw”.

Figure 17. 

Gastrobothrus quadrus Choi, Leschen & Park, sp. nov. A Habitus, dorsal view. B Head. C Thorax. D Abdominal sternites; spatula [red arrow]. E Aedeagus. F Protibia and tarsus; median spine [red arrow]. G Mesotibia and tarsus. H Metatibia and tarsus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.1 mm (B–H).

The specific epithet is the Latin word quadrus (“square”, masculine) that refers to the angulate head of this species.

Acute spine on middle of protibia (Fig. 17F); ligulate spatula on abdominal sternite V (Fig. 17D).

Color of body reddish-brown, head to pronotum darker. MALE: Measurements: Length 2.46 mm, width 0.95 mm (Fig. 17A). Head: Length 0.47 mm and width 0.50 mm (Fig. 17B); vertex sparsely covered with short and long setae, vertexal foveae asetose; eye moderately developed; ocular-mandibular carina indistinct, ventrolateral margin extending beneath eye; gular carinae gradually broadened toward apex and not swollen ventrally (Fig. 4). Frontal fovea absent, frontal rostrum lacking and depressed medially; postantennal cavity vague. Antennal socket moderately developed; antenna unmodified overall, 11-segmented and club consisting of three antennomere; scape cylindrical, almost twice as long as pedicel; pedicel as long as antennomere 3; 3 broadened apically and slightly longer than 4; 4 shortened; 5 elongated; 6–7 identical and 1.6 times as long as 8; 8 shortest; 11 almost as long as 9+10. Prothorax: Length 0.52 mm and width 0.60 mm (Fig. 17C). Pronotal median antebasal fovea reduced and asetose, lateral antebasal foveae setose with short setae. Elytra: Length 0.71 mm and width 0.95 mm (Fig. 17C), and broadened markedly, widest 2.4 times as wide as base; basal fovea absent. Hindwing absent. Legs: Robust and long. Protibia with minute apical spine and acute spine on middle level (Fig. 17F). Mesotibia with apical spine (Fig. 17G). Abdomen: Length 0.76 mm and width 0.94 mm (Fig. 17D). Sternite V bearing narrow median spatula. Aedeagus: 0.58 mm long (Fig. 17E); parameres slender and curved internally, apex stubby with subapical spine, setae on apical and subapical; penis ovoid and well-sclerotized basally, with paired armatures; endophallus with three asymmetrical armatures curved outward. — FEMALE: Thoracic characters overall skinny; legs without modifications; abdominal spatula absent.

North Island: ND (Fig. 2).

Leaf litter in forest remnant. Bracket fungus in nikau.

Adults of this species are similar to that of G. platynotus (Broun, 1893) in having asetose vertexal foveae (Fig. 17B) but can be distinguished by the angular temple (Fig. 17B).

N = 10, 4♂♂ 6♀♀. Holotype. ♂ point-mounted: “New Zealand: ND, Puketi Forest, Manginagina Scen. Reserve (nr. HQ, Nature Walk), 18/Mar/2011, 35 12'40.80S 173 47'36.20E (±250 m) 320 m, mixed deciduous forest with Kauri, litter, A. Schomann & J. Pedersen // ZMUC collection // NZAC04291727”. Paratypes. 1♂ 3♀♀ card-mounted (NZAC04261603; NZAC04261604; NZAC04261605; NZAC04261606): “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Mair Park, Whangarei, 7-V-1944, leaf mould, E. Fairburn // A. E. Brookes Collection”. 1♂ point-mounted (NZAC04261609): “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Omahuta Forest, Kauri Sanctuary, 31-I-1995, sifted litter Agathis australis, J. Klimaszewski”. 1♀ point-mounted (NZAC04261588): “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Omahutu SF, 18-III-1978, litter, S. B. Peck”. 1♂ DNA extracted and slide-mounted (NZAC, code absent) 1♀ point-mounted (NZAC04291728): “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Puketi Forest, Manginagina Scen. Reserve (nr. HQ, Nature Walk), 18-III-2011, 35°12'40.80"S 173°47'36.20"E (±250 m) 320 m, mixed deciduous forest with Kauri, litter, A. Schomann & J. Pedersen // ZMUC collection”. 1♀ point-mounted (NZAC04261612): “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Te Paki, Radar Bush, 13-IV-2007–14-V-2007, Native bush., pitfall trap 3, O. Ball”.

Figure 18. 

Gastrobothrus retusus Choi, Leschen & Park, sp. nov. A Habitus, dorsal view. B Head. C Thorax. D Abdominal sternites; spatula [red arrow]. E Aedeagus. F Protibia and tarsus; median spine [red arrow]. G Mesotibia and tarsus. H Metatibia. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.1 mm (B–H).

The specific epithet is the Latin word retusus (“blunt”, masculine) that refers to the shape of tibial spine and spatula.

Blunt spine on middle of protibia (Fig. 18F); short ligulate spatula on abdominal sternite V (Fig. 18D).

Color of body reddish-brown, head to pronotum slightly darker. MALE: Measurements: Length 2.06 mm, width 0.86 mm (Fig. 18A). Head: Length 0.39 mm and width 0.46 mm (Fig. 18B); vertex sparsely covered with short and long setae, vertexal foveae moderate and asetose; eye moderately developed, as long as temple; ocular-mandibular carina not complete; gular carinae gradually broadened toward apex and gently swollen ventrally (Fig. 4). Frontal fovea absent, frontal rostrum lacking and depressed medially; postantennal cavity faint. Antennal socket gently protruded; antenna unmodified overall, 11-segmented and club consisting of three antennomere; scape cylindrical and elongated; pedicel slightly longer than antennomere 3; 3 broadened apically and slightly longer than 4; 4 cylindrical; 5 elongated; 7 slightly longer than 6; 8 shortest; 11 almost as long as 9+10. Prothorax: Length 0.44 mm and width 0.52 mm (Fig. 18C). Pronotal median antebasal fovea reduced and asetose, lateral antebasal foveae setose with short setae. Elytra: Length 0.59 mm and width 0.85 mm (Fig. 18C), and broadened markedly, widest 2.6 times as wide as base; basal fovea absent. Hindwing absent. Legs Slender and long. Protibia with blunt spine on middle level and fine apical spine (Fig. 18F). Mesotibia with apical spine (Fig. 18G). Abdomen: Length 0.64 mm and width 0.86 mm (Fig. 18D). Sternite V bearing short and narrow median spatula. Aedeagus: 0.61 mm long (Fig. 18E); parameres short slender and apex weakly stubby, seta on subapical; penis ovoid and well-sclerotized basally; endophallus consisting of fine irregular armatures. — FEMALE: Legs without modifications and abdominal spatula absent.

North Island: ND (Fig. 2).

Leaf litter from mixed deciduous forest with kauri.

Adults of this species are close to G. quadrus sp. nov. in having asetose vertexal foveae (Figs 17B, 18B) and a lingulate abdominal spatula (Figs 17D, 18D). However, the spine on the protibia is blunt (Fig. 18F) and the abdominal spatula is shorter (Fig. 18D) than that of the latter species.

N = 12, 3♂♂ 9♀♀. 1♀ point-mounted (AMNZ91972): NEW ZEALAND: AK, Auckland City, Symonds St Cemetery, Grafton Gully side, 24-XII-2003, sedges in bush, S. E. Thorpe. 1♀ point-mounted (NZAC04261576): NEW ZEALAND: AK, Lynfield L, 19-IV-1981, Dysoxylum mould, G. Kuschel. 1♀ point-mounted (NZAC04261578): NEW ZEALAND: AK, Lynfield, 6-XII-1975, blind weevil site, G. Kuschel. 1♀ point-mounted (NZAC04261579): NEW ZEALAND: AK, Lynfield, 24-VII-1976, Cortaderia, G. Kuschel. 1♂ DNA extracted and slide-mounted (NZAC, code absent): NEW ZEALAND: AK, Mt. William Scenic Reserve, 26-I-2011, 37°12'55.10"S 175°1'42.10"E 150 m, sifting litter in mixed forest, R. Anderson. 1♀ point-mounted (NZAC04261500): NEW ZEALAND: ND, Headquarters Rd, beside river, Waipoua Forest, 16-XII-1976, litter 76/110, V. A. May. 2♀♀ point-mounted (AMNZ151662; AMNZ151663): NEW ZEALAND: ND, Kapowairua, 25-III-2018–27-III-2018, pan trap in damp bush, L30478, J. W. Early. 1♀ card-mounted (NZAC04261626): NEW ZEALAND: ND, Mair Park, Whangarei, 12-XII-1944, leaves, E. Fairburn // A. E. Brookes Collection. 1♂ point-mounted (NZAC04261501): NEW ZEALAND: ND, Mangamuka Summit 400 m, 13-XII-1976, litter 76/106, V. A. May”. 1♂ 1♀ point-mounted (NZAC04261502; NZAC04261503): “NEW ZEALAND: ND, Waipoua SF 100 m, 17-III-1978, under Agathis australis log on bank, S. Peck & J. Peck // S. & J. Peck Collection.

Figure 19. 

Gastrobothrus sharpi (Broun, 1880) A Dorsal habitus. B Head, dorsal view. C Head lateral view. D Thorax. E Abdominal sternites. F Aedeagus. G Protibia and tarsus. H Mesotibia and tarsus. I Metatibia and tarsus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.1 mm (B–H).

Prominent median depression on abdominal sternites VI–VIII and pair of basolateral projections on VII toward midline (Fig. 19D).

Color of body dark brown, maxillary palpi and elytra yellowish-brown. MALE: Measurements: Length 2.86–3.02 mm, width 1.15–1.31 mm (Fig. 19A). Head: Length 0.53–0.55 mm and width 0.52–0.55 mm (Fig. 19B, C); vertex moderately covered with long setae, vertexal foveae moderate and setose; eye longer than temple; ocular-mandibular carina indistinct; gular carinae gradually broadened toward apex and gently swollen ventrally (Figs 4, 19C). Frontal fovea absent, frontal rostrum lacking and depressed medially; postantennal cavity absent. Antennal socket slightly developed; antenna 11-segmented and club consisting of three antennomeres; scape cylindrical; pedicel parallel; antennomeres 3–4 short, subequal in length; 5 elongate, as long as scape; 6–7 subequal in length; 8 shortest, wider than long; 9–10 asymmetrical; 11 largest. Prothorax: Length 0.56–0.60 mm and width 0.65–0.71 mm (Fig. 19C). Pronotal median antebasal fovea punctiform and asetose, lateral antebasal foveae setose. Elytra: Length 0.74–0.85 mm and width 1.08–1.18 mm (Fig. 19C), and broadened markedly, widest 2.6–2.7 times as wide as base, basal fovea absent. Legs: Robust and long. Protrochanter acutely pointed at ventral, profemur swollen, protibia curved inward with tiny apical spine (Fig. 19F). Mesotibia with minute apical spine (Fig. 19H). Abdomen: Length 1.02–1.03 mm and width 1.15–1.31 mm (Fig. 19E). Tergites IV–VIII subequal in length and bearing basolateral foveae; V broader than IV. Sternites III barely visible; IV short at middle; middle of V depressed, bordering IV; middle of VI acutely descending posteriorly; VII acutely ascending posteriorly at middle, basolateral spines medially protruded; VIII acutely ascending posteriorly at middle, lateral concealed by VII. Aedeagus: 0.65 mm (Fig. 19F); parameres thick, gently curved inward and notched at apex, single short seta and single long seta on each paramere; penis ovoid; endophallus composed of single sclerotized armature rightward, bifid basal one-third and longer branch situated longitudinally. — FEMALE: Eye less developed; legs simple; abdomen narrow, tergite VII concealed by VI in dorsal view, sternites unmodified.

North Island: AK, ND (Fig. 2).

Leaf litter from mixed forest. Logs of kauri. Sedges in bush. Fungus in Dysoxylum.

N = 8, 5♂♂ 3♀♀. Holotype. ♂ point-mounted: “New Zealand: DN, Leith Valley, Leith saddle track, 18/Dec/2017, 45.802799S,170.490550E, sifted broad leaf litter, JWS043, J. Shen & J. Nunn // NZAC04291717”. Paratypes. 1♂ DNA extracted and slide-mounted (NZAC, code absent) 1♂ 1♀ preserved in ethanol (NZAC, code absent) 1♀ point-mounted (NZAC04291718): “NEW ZEALAND: DN, Leith Valley, Leith saddle track, 18-XII-2017, 45.802799S,170.490550E, sifted broad leaf litter, JWS043, J. Shen & J. Nunn”. 1♂ 1♀ preserved in ethanol (NZAC, code absent): “NEW ZEALAND: DN, Otago peninsula, Sandymount, 18-XII-2017, 45°89'13"S, 170°67'22"E, sifted tussock litter, JWS042, J. Shen & J. Nunn”. 1♂ preserved in ethanol (NZAC, code absent): “NEW ZEALAND: DN, Ross creek reservoir, 17-XII-2017, 45°84'96"S, 170°49'41"E, sifted Kanuka and Schefflera litter, JWS041, J. Shen & J. Nunn”.

Figure 20. 

Gastrobothrus spinifer Choi, Leschen & Park, sp. nov. A Habitus, dorsal view. B Head. C Thorax. D Abdominal sternites. E Aedeagus. F Protibia and tarsus; apical spine [red arrow]. G Mesotibia and tarsus; apical spine [red arrow]. H Metatibia and tarsus; trichome [red arrow]. I Protrochanter and femur; spine [red arrow]. J Mesotrochanter and femur. K Metatrochanter and femur. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.1 mm (B–K).

The specific epithet is the Latin word spinifer (“spiny”, masculine) that refers to the spines on legs of this species.

Pronotum bearing transverse sulcus (Fig. 20C); each elytron with sutural stria, discal stria, and subhumeral fovea (Fig. 20C); robust femur (Fig. 20I–K); acute spine on protrochanter, pro- and mesotibiae (Fig. 20F, G, I); concave abdominal sternites IV–VIII (Fig. 20D).

Color of body reddish-brown. MALE: Measurements: Length 2.58 mm, width 0.91 mm (Fig. 20A). Head: Length 0.51 mm and width 0.46 mm (Fig. 20B); vertex moderately covered with short setae, vertexal foveae setose with short setae; eye moderately developed; ocular-mandibular carina distinct, ventrolateral margin extending beneath eye; gular carinae gradually broadened toward apex and gently swollen ventrally (Fig. 4). Frontal fovea absent, frontal rostrum lacking and depressed medially; postantennal cavity shallow. Antennal socket moderately developed; antenna long and unmodified overall, 11-segmented and club consisting of three antennomeres; scape and pedicel cylindrical; 3–7 elongated; 8 shortest; 9–10 broadened apically; 11 as long as 9+10. Prothorax: Length 0.46 mm and width 0.55 mm (Fig. 20C). Pronotal median antebasal fovea reduced and asetose, lateral antebasal foveae setose with short setae. Elytra: Length 0.65 mm and width 0.91 mm (Fig. 20C), and broadened markedly, widest 2.1 times as wide as base; each elytron with two basal foveae, sutural stria, discal stria, and subhumeral fovea. Hindwing absent. Legs: Robust and long. Protrochanter with acute spine ventrally projecting (Fig. 20I), protibia with prominent apical spine (Fig. 20F). Mesotrochanter with blunt spine ventrally projecting (Fig. 20J), mesotibia with prominent apical spine (Fig. 20G). Metatrochanter with blunt spine ventrally projecting (Fig. 20K), metatibia with apical trichome (Fig. 20H). Abdomen: length 0.96 mm and width 0.91 mm (Fig. 20D). Sternites IV–VIII depressed medially. Aedeagus: 0.62 mm long (Fig. 20E); parameres curved and each paramere with transverse lobe at apex, with two short setae; penis ovoid; endophallus composed of paired armatures. — FEMALE: Eye slightly smaller; legs slender and simple; concavity on abdominal sternites absent.

South Island: DN (Fig. 3).

Broad leaf litter. Litter of tussock grass, kanuka, and Schefflera.

Adults of this species are close to those of G. sulcipennis (Broun, 1921) comb. nov. in having sulci on elytra (Figs 20C, 21D) but can be distinguished from by following the combination of the characters: larger body size; sharply projected protrochanter (Fig. 20I); prominent spine on pro- and mesotibiae (Fig. 20F, G); depression on abdominal sternites IV–VIII (Fig. 20D).

N = 3, 2♂♂ 1♀. 1♂ 1♀ point-mounted, 1♂ DNA extracted and slide-mounted (NZAC04291715; NZAC04291716; NZAC, code absent): NEW ZEALAND: FD, Road to Percy Saddle, 24-I-2018, 45.6066S 167.341767E 380 m, sifting litter among sedges, RL2021, R. Leschen, S. Tassell.

Figure 21. 

Gastrobothrus sulcipennis (Broun, 1921), comb. nov. A Habitus, dorsal view. B Head, dorsal view. C Head, lateral view. D Thorax. E Abdominal sternites. F Aedeagus. G Protibia and tarsus. H Mesotibia and tarsus. I Metatibia and tarsus; trichome [red arrow]. J Protrochanter and femur. K Mesotrochanter and femur. L Metatrochanter and femur; spine [red arrow]. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.1 mm (B–K).

Pronotum bearing transverse sulcus (Fig. 21D); each elytron with sutural stria, discal stria, and subhumeral fovea (Fig. 21D); tiny acute spine on mesotrochanter (Fig. 21K); apical trichome with metatibia (Fig. 21I).

Color of body light reddish-brown, appendages yellowish-brown. MALE: Measurements: Length 1.94 mm, width 0.78 mm (Fig. 21A). Head: Length 0.42 mm and width 0.39 mm (Fig. 21B); vertex moderately covered with short setae, vertexal foveae moderate and setose with short setae; eye slightly shorter than temple; ocular-mandibular carina distinct, ventrolateral margin extending beneath eye; gular carinae gradually broadened toward apex and gently swollen ventrally (Figs 4, 21C). Frontal fovea absent, frontal rostrum lacking and depressed medially; postantennal cavity distinct. Antennal socket barely visible; antenna 11-segmented and club consisting of three antennomeres; scape cylindrical; pedicel parallel; antennomeres 3–4 short, subequal in length; 5 slightly elongate; 6–7 subequal in length; 8 shortest, longer than wide; 9–10 asymmetrical; 11 largest. Prothorax: Length 0.41 mm and width 0.49 mm (Fig. 21D). Pronotal median antebasal fovea punctiform and asetose, lateral antebasal foveae setose with short setae. Elytra: Length 0.61 mm and width 0.78 mm (Fig. 21D) and broadened markedly, widest 2.2 times as wide as base; each elytron with two basal foveae, sutural stria, discal stria, and subhumeral fovea. Legs: Moderately slender. Protrochanter bluntly pointed at ventral profemur slightly swollen (Fig. 21J), protibia straight with apical spine (Fig. 21G). Mesotrochanter sharply pointed at ventral, mesofemur slightly swollen (Fig. 21K), mesotibia straight with apical spine (Fig. 21H). Metatibia with apical trichome (Fig. 21I). Abdomen: Length 0.50 mm and width 0.77 mm (Fig. 21E). Tergites IV–VII subequal in length and narrowed in order, bearing basolateral foveae; IV with mediobasal foveae. Sternite III with basolateral foveae; IV with mediobasal foveae; V–VIII lacking foveae. Aedeagus: 0.54 mm (Fig. 21F); parameres lanciform bearing three setae on each. — FEMALE: Antennae less elongate; lateral antebasal fovea on pronotum smaller; mesotrochanter lacking spine.

South Island: FD, OL (Fig. 3).

Broad leaf litter. Litter among sedges.

N = 2, 2♂♂. Holotype. ♂ point-mounted: “NEW ZEALAND: BP, Lake Okataina, 9-X-1995, litter 95/12, M-C Larivière & A Larochelle // NZAC04261725”. Paratype. 1♂ point-mounted (NZAC04261727): “NEW ZEALAND: TO, Minginui SF, 28/Jul/1977, litter 77/88, J. S. Dugdale”.

Figure 22. 

Gastrobothrus trigonus, sp. nov. A Habitus, dorsal view. B Head. C Pronotum. D Elytra. E Abdominal sternites; spatula [red arrow]. F Aedeagus. G Protibia and tarsus. H Mesotibia and tarsus. I Metatibia and tarsus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 0.1 mm (B–I).

The specific epithet is the Latin word trigonus (“three-angled”, masculine) that refers to the triangular abdominal spatula of this species.

Pronotum bearing transverse antebasal sulcus (Fig. 22B); metatibia with apical trichome (Fig. 22I); abdominal sternite VI with large triangular spatula (Fig. 22E).

Color of body reddish-brown, elytra and appendages yellowish-brown. MALE: Measurements: Length 2.5 mm, width 0.93 mm (Fig. 22A). Head: Length 0.58 mm and width 0.51 mm (Fig. 22B), vertex moderately covered with long setae, vertexal foveae markedly setose; eye well-developed, shorter than temple; ocular-mandibular carina not complete; gular carinae gradually broadened toward apex and gently swollen ventrally (Fig. 4). Frontal fovea absent, frontal rostrum lacking and depressed medially; postantennal cavity vague. Antennal socket well-developed; antennae unmodified overall, 11-segmented and club consisting of three antennomeres; scape cylindrical and longer than wide; pedicel cylindrical; 3–4 broadened apically; 5 longer than wide; 6–7 identical; 8 shortest; 11 as long as 9+10. Prothorax: Length 0.51 mm and width 0.57 mm (Fig. 22C), regularly covered with long setae. Pronotal median antebasal fovea reduced and asetose, lateral antebasal foveae setose, transverse antebasal sulcus prominent. Elytra: Length 0.61 mm and width 0.93 mm (Fig. 22D), broadened posteriorly, widest 2.4 times as wide as base; regularly covered with long setae; basal fovea absent. Legs Long and slightly stout. Protibia with blunt apical spine (Fig. 22G). Mesotibia with minute apical spine (Fig. 22H). Metatibia with apical trichome (Fig. 22I). Abdomen: Length 0.80 mm and width 0.93 mm (Fig. 22E). Sternite VI bearing triangular spatula twice as wide as median sclerite of sternite IX. Aedeagus: 0.63 mm long (Fig. 22F); parameres swollen apically, each bearing two short apical setae and one long subapical seta; penis ovoid; endophallic armatures dagger-like. — FEMALE: Unknown.

North Island: BP, TO (Fig. 2).

Leaf litter.

Adults of this species are similar to those of G. inflatus comb. nov. but can be distinguished by the larger abdominal spatula (Fig. 22E).

N = 1, 1♂. 1♂ point-mounted (NZAC04261717): NEW ZEALAND: ND, Waipoua, Tane Mahuta, 29-X-1985, sifted litter 85/47, C. Lyal, R. C. Craw.

Figure 23. 

Gastrobothrus spp. 15–17. A, C, E Habitus, dorsal view. B, D, F Habitus, ventral view. A, B Gastrobothrus sp. 15. C, D Gastrobothrus sp. 16. E, F Gastrobothrus sp. 17. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Body length 3.51 mm, head to pronotum black, elytra to abdomen and leg highly dark brown (Fig. 23A); frontal fovea present; pronotal sulcus present (Fig. 23A); protibia lacking spine; abdominal spatula absent (Fig. 23B).

North Island: ND (Fig. 2).

Leaf litter.

This specimen is similar to G. giganteus sp. nov. but differs from it by the absence of spine on protibia and abdominal spatula (Fig. 23B).

N = 1, 1♂. 1♂ point-mounted (NZAC04261712): NEW ZEALAND: ND, Omahuta SF, 23-IV-1975, liverworts and mosses from tree bases and ground 75/142, J. S. Dugdale.

Body length 2.22 mm, light brown color (Fig. 23C); dorsal side sparsely covered with long setae (Fig. 23C); head and pronotum narrow (Fig. 23C); pronotal sulcus present (Fig. 23C); mesotibia with minute apical spine; abdominal sternite V with small spatula (Fig. 23D).

North Island: ND (Fig. 2).

Liverwort and moss from tree bases and ground.

This specimen is most similar to G. angustus sp. nov. but differs from it by the absence of trichome on metatibia and the smaller blunt abdominal spatula (Fig. 23D).

N = 1, 1♂. 1♂ point-mounted (NZAC04261714): NEW ZEALAND: ND, Omahuta SF, 23-IV-1975, liverworts and mosses from tree bases and ground 75/142, J. S. Dugdale.

Body length 2.03 mm, light yellowish-brown color (Fig. 23E); dorsal side sparsely covered with long setae (Fig. 23E); pronotum bearing transverse sulcus (Fig. 23E); metatibia with apical trichome; abdominal sternite V with closely paired spatulae (Fig. 23F).

North Island: ND (Fig. 2).

Liverwort and moss from tree bases and ground.

This specimen is most similar to Gastrobothrus sp. 16 but differs from it by the smaller abdominal spatulae separated into two fragments (Fig. 23F). Note that the coloration of this specimen might be faded.