Ammotrechinae s.str. genera feature the one characteristic that typically defines Ammotrechidae: having the flagellum of the chelicera of males shaped as an open bowl, with the opening placed prolaterally (i.e., facing the opposite chelicera) (e.g., Figs 6A, 8D, 16A) (Roewer 1934; Maury 1984; Bird et al. 2015). Ammotrechinae s.str., as defined in these lines, is presumed to be a monophyletic group of solifuges (see generic composition below) that exhibit the following combination of features (applicable to males and females unless otherwise specified). i) Cheliceral movable finger with retroventral longitudinal carina (MRVC) (Figs 2, 3). ii) Movable finger prolateral (MPL) tooth present (Fig. 6B). iii) Cheliceral fixed finger without subdistal (FSD) tooth/teeth (Figs 2, 3). iv) Fixed finger of female with pronounced angular dorsal crest at level of FP-RFA tooth (Figs 3A, 9A, B, 14A, B). v) Pedipalp femur retroventral surface with a suture-like cleavage plane that allows autotomy (Figs 17, 18). vi) Legs II and III without retroventral spiniform setae on distal segment of telotarsus.

Ammotrechinae s.str.: Ammotrecha Banks, 1900, Eutrecha Maury, 1982, Xenotrecha Maury, 1982. Other genera in Ammotrechinae s.l.: Ammotrechella Roewer, 1934, Ammotrechesta Roewer, 1934, Ammotrechinus Roewer, 1934, Ammotrechula Roewer, 1934, Antillotrecha Armas, 1994, Campostrecha Mello-Leitão, 1937, Chileotrecha Maury, 1987, Mummuciona Roewer, 1934, Neocleobis Roewer, 1934, and Sedna Muma, 1971.

Two monotypic genera, Mummuciona Roewer, 1934 and Sedna Muma, 1971, were listed, incorrectly, as members of Mummuciidae in Harvey’s (2003) catalogue. Maury (1982) transferred Mummuciona to Ammotrechidae – which that author already considered as a family separate from Mummuciidae despite not having yet formally elevated Mummuciinae to the family rank, which he did shortly thereafter (Maury 1984) – whereas the same author transferred Sedna to the same family a few years later (Maury 1987). Although both genera have since remained unassigned into Ammotrechidae, Iuri et al. (2021) recovered Sedna as belonging to an unresolved clade containing Ammotrechinae and Saronominae genera and proposed that Mummuciona could potentially belong to the same clade. In the absence of conclusive phylogenetic data on the systematic position of Mummuciona and Sedna, both genera are here included, conservatively, into Ammotrechinae s.l. The same decision is made for Chileotrecha, which Iuri et al. (2021) recovered in the same clade as Sedna.

A member of Ammotrechinae s.str. as herein defined. Eutrecha is presumed to be a monophyletic group of solifuges, whose males exhibit the following combination of features that allows to readily distinguish the genus from all other genera in Ammotrechinae s.l. i) Cheliceral fixed finger with FSM, FM, and FD teeth moderately reduced (i.e., evidently visible but smaller than MSM tooth of movable finger, in E. belenensis) (Figs 2C, 5B, 6) to much reduced or undistinguishable (E. florezi and E. longirostris) (Figs 2A, B, 8B). ii) Cheliceral fixed finger with medial notch (MN) between FM and FSM teeth, when these teeth are present (even if greatly reduced) (Figs 2B, C, 5B, 6, 8B). iii) Fixed finger median apical diastema (FMAD) present between FM and FD teeth, when these are present (Figs 2B, C, 5B, 8B). iv) Flagellum without prolateral plumose setiform organ (Figs 5D, 8D). v) Ctenidia, in the form of short “fleshy” setae, present only on 1st post-genital sternite (spiracular sternite I) (Figs 4D, 7B).

In having the same or similar pattern of spiniform setae on the basitarsi and telotarsi of the walking legs and the same segmentation pattern of the leg telotarsi, Eutrecha most closely resembles Xenotrecha than it does resemble Ammotrecha.

Eutrecha belenensis sp. nov.; Eutrecha florezi Villareal-Blanco, Armas and Martínez 2017; Eutrecha longirostris Maury, 1982.

Holotype. COLOMBIA • 1 ♂; Norte de Santander, Playa de Belén, Área protegida Los Estoraques, Centro Administrativo; 08°13′15.3″N 73°14′18.25″W; 1400 m.a.s.l.; 17 Dec. 2015; E. Henao leg.; ICN Aso 008.

Latinized gentilicium that identifies this species as an inhabitant of Playa de Belén.

The male of Eutrecha belenensis features a series of morphological characteristics, each unique to this species among known species of Eutrecha, which allow to readily separate it from its congeners and provides a robust delimitation of the species on morphological grounds. These are: i) Cheliceral fixed finger with FM and FD teeth reduced in size (e.g., smaller than MSM, which is of normal size for a secondary tooth), yet both teeth evident (Figs 2C, 5B, 6). ii) Ventral margin of fixed finger asetose area (i.e., where distal teeth are situated) predominantly linear in lateral aspect (Figs 2C, 5B). iii) Movable finger of male moderately robust (e.g., relative to height of MP tooth) (Figs 2C, 5D). iv) MM tooth moderately smaller than MP, larger than MSM (Figs 2C, 5B, D, 6B). v) MM tooth adjacent to MSM (Figs 2C, 5B, D). vi) Fixed finger mucron length more than twice height at its base; movable finger mucron length at least three times height at its base (Figs 2C, 5B, D). vii) Stridulatory apparatus consisting of a single set of ridges, all subparallel to the manus ventral surface (Fig. 5C, D). viii) Flagellum narrowing distally in prolateral aspect, apex entire (non-bifid) (Figs 5C, D, 6). ix) Attachment point of the flagellum subcircular (Fig. 5D). x) Pedipalp tibia and basitarsus with ventral rows of about seven to nine spiniform setae each (Fig. 4B, C). xi) Basitarsi of walking legs II and III, each with three proventral and two retrolateral spiniform setae (in addition to others on retroventral and retrodorsal series). xii) Basitarsus of leg IV with two distal retroventral spiniform setae (in addition to others on proventral series). xiii) Opisthosoma of male, ctenidia arranged into a single large area on 1st post-genital sternite (spiracular sternite I) (Fig. 4D).

Figure 4. 

Eutrecha belenensis sp. nov., holotype ♂ (ICN Aso 008), habitus, dorsal aspect (A), sinistral pedipalp basitarsus and telotarsus, prolateral (B) and ventral (C) aspects, anterior opisthosomal sternites, with spiracular sternites centered (D). Scale bars = 2 mm (A, D), 1 mm (B, C). Arrows: spiniform setae (in B and C); ctenidia on 1st post-genital sternite (in D).

Figure 5. 

Eutrecha belenensis sp. nov., holotype ♂ (ICN Aso 008), dextral chelicera, retrolateral aspect (A) and close-up of fingers (B), prolateral aspect (C) and close-up of fingers and stridulatory plate (D). Scale bars = 1 mm.

Figure 6. 

Eutrecha belenensis sp. nov., holotype ♂ (ICN Aso 008), dextral chelicera, fixed finger, ventral aspect (A), schematic representation of fixed and movable fingers dentition, proventral aspect (B). Scale bars = 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: FD, fixed finger, distal tooth; FM, fixed finger, medial tooth; FMAD, fixed finger, median apical diastema; FP, fixed finger, proximal tooth; FSM, fixed finger, submedial tooth; FT, fixed finger, terminal tooth; MM, movable finger, medial tooth; MN, movable finger, medial notch; MP, movable finger, proximal tooth; MPL, movable finger, prolateral tooth; MSM, movable finger, submedial tooth; MT, movable finger, terminal tooth; PFM, profondal medial tooth; PFP, profondal proximal tooth; PFSM, profondal submedial tooth; PFSP, profondal subproximal tooth; RFA, retrofondal apical tooth; RFM, retrofondal medial tooth; RFP, retrofondal proximal tooth; RFSP, retrofondal subproximal tooth.

Based on holotype (ICN Aso 008). — Measurements. Linear measurements in Table 1. — Color. In 80% ethanol-preserved specimen. Prosomal dorsal shields and opisthosomal tergites with overall brown coloration (Fig. 4A). Propeltidium with abundant dark brown areas, several paler spots distributed unevenly, and a median longitudinal pale brown line; ocular tubercle blackish. Meso-, metapeltidium, and opisthosomal tergites predominantly light brown, with small dark spots. Chelicerae, base color pale brown (same as pale propeltidial areas) (Fig. 5A, B), with three dark brown longitudinal stripes on prodorsal, dorsal, and retrolateral surfaces of manus, which are interconnected distally by a broad, transverse stripe and posteriorly by a narrow, weakly defined stripe; stridulatory plate immaculately yellow (Fig. 5C, D), with a proventral proximal brown spot. Asetose area of fixed and movable fingers reddish, with all teeth darkened (Fig. 5B, D); movable finger setose area with ventral, brown-spotted area. Coxosternal region, opisthosomal sternites (Fig. 4D), pleural membranes, trochanters of legs and pedipalps (Fig. 4A), basifemora and telofemora of legs II–IV, and femur of leg I immaculately yellowish white; malleoli white. Pedipalp femur, tibia, and basitarsus dark brown (Fig. 4A, B), with faint paler areas; telotarsus yellowish (Fig. 4B, C). Legs with patella, tibia, basitarsus, and telotarsus brownish (Fig. 4A), with coloration pattern similar to that of pedipalps but paler. — Prosoma. Propeltidium wider than long (Table 1); central region covered with short, spicule-like stout setae which become longer towards the outer borders (Fig. 4A); the longer of these setae fall off and break easily, unlike the shorter ones; all setae seem to be apically worn. Ocular tubercle slightly elevated, with abundant macrosetae. Anterolateral propeltidial lobes separated from the propeltidium principal shield by incomplete lateral groove. Eyespots elongated. Meso- and metapeltidium wider than long, with abundant long macrosetae (Fig. 4A). Coxae densely covered with abundant thin setae. Sternum glabrous. — Chelicera-dentition and processes. Fixed finger with median teeth series comprising well-developed FP tooth, whereas other primary teeth (FM and FD), as well as the FSM tooth, are small (Figs 2C, 5B, 6); FSD tooth absent; FM and FD teeth, each importantly displaced distally in the finger relative to the contiguous, more proximal tooth (FSM and FM, respectively), such that a medial notch (MN) and a median apical diastema (FMAD) are present; retrofondal teeth series uninterrupted (i.e., without FRFD), with four teeth (RFSP, RFP, RFM, RFA) (Fig. 6); basal retrofondal margin heavily sclerotized (Fig. 6A); profondal teeth series consisting of four teeth (PFSP, PFP, PFSM, PFM) (Fig. 6B). Fixed finger asetose area sinuous, with ventral margin predominantly linear in lateral aspect; prodorsal carina sharp, not elevated in lateral aspect, without angular dorsal crest; proventral carina weakly pronounced on the mucron area; fixed finger retrolateral carina (FRLC) absent. Fixed finger mucron without subterminal (FST) teeth; apex (FT tooth) curved, hook shaped. Movable finger with median teeth series comprising well-developed MP and MM primary teeth, the former of which is larger, and one MSM secondary tooth that is smaller than MM (i.e., MP > MM > MSM) (Figs 2C, 5B); MP, MSM, and MM close together; MP and MM each adjacent to MSM; MSM upright and triangular. Movable finger prolateral carina (MPLC) evident, ending slightly basal to MP in a small prolateral (MPL) tooth (Fig. 6B). Movable finger without subproximal (MSP) or subterminal (MST) teeth; movable finger retroventral longitudinal carina (MRVC) present on distal half, or third, of finger, forming a smooth elevated ridge (Figs 2C, 5B); retrolateral longitudinal carina (MRLC) consisting of abundant conspicuous granules scattered on the retrolateral surface of finger. Movable finger mucron moderately long, with gnathal edge carina ordinary (not convex). Closure of RFA tooth basal to MP, of MM tooth distal to FM, when fingers are closed. — Chelicera-setose areas and stridulatory plate. Retrolateral and dorsal surfaces with abundant retrolateral manus (rlm) and retrolateral finger (rlf) setae, of different sizes, which are predominantly straight and rigid (Figs 4A, 5); some of these setae are arranged in bilaterally symmetrical pattern, as are some principal retrolateral finger (principal rlf) setae that are more flexible than others; movable finger retrolateral proximal setal cluster (rlpc) dorsally with a single, long and markedly plumose seta. Prolateral surface with array of setal types (Fig. 5D), as follows: proventral distal (pvd) setae consisting of row of plumose setae, starting at level of the interdigital condyle (pic) and ending near level of RFA tooth; proventral subdistal (pvsd) setae arranged in rather disorganized pattern, pvsd comb not markedly differentiated; carpet-like field of bristle-like promedial (pm) setae broad. Stridulatory plate longer than high, occupying most of the prolateral surface of manus (Fig. 5C, D); stridulatory apparatus consisting of a single set of ridges, 6 or 7 in number, dorsalmost vestigial, all approximately parallel to the manus ventral surface. Distal limit of the prolateral setose area of movable finger reaching midpoint between MSM and MM teeth; movable finger prodorsal (mpd) setal series consisting of plumose setae arranged in a rather staggered row, adjacent to abundant non-plumose setae of the movable finger promedial (mpm) and proventral (mpv) setal series. — Chelicera-flagellum. Of the composite type, without shaft. A thin, translucent, membranous structure immovably attached prodorsally to the fixed finger (Figs 5D, 6); flagellar base general aspect bowl-shaped, long, and narrowing distally in prolateral aspect, nearly reaching the apex of the finger on its distal end; apex entire (non-bifid), bearing small spicules; attachment point subcircular, placed at the level of PFSM tooth. — Pedipalp. All segments coated with abundant short setae (Fig. 4A–C); those on ventral surface of tibia, basitarsus, and telotarsus stouter and more distinct than those on other surfaces. Femur with spicule-like macrosetae; tibia with proventral and retroventral rows of eight spiniform setae each, which are short and stout; basitarsus with proventral and retroventral rows of seven to nine spiniform setae each (Fig. 4B, C), stronger and longer than those on tibia; telotarsus without spiniform setae. Femur, tibia, basitarsus, and telotarsus with few long thin setae; clubbed setae apparently absent. Retroventral surface of femur proximally with a suture-like cleavage plane. Telotarsus with retrodorsal pore area on distal third. — Leg I. All segments coated with abundant short setae similar to those on pedipalps (Fig. 4A), without stout or spiniform setae; tibia and basitarsus with few long thin setae. Telotarsus with apical retrodorsal pore area similar to that of pedipalp; without claws or spiniform setae. — Walking legs. Covered with abundant short and a few long setae, like those on pedipalps and legs I (Fig. 4A). Legs II and III: basitarsus with seven or eight spiniform setae: three proventral (distal, subdistal, and sub-basal), one or rarely two retroventral (distal), two retrolateral (subdistal and basal), and one retrodorsal (distal); telotarsus bi-segmented (consisting of large basal and small distal segments), with proventral row of four to six spiniform setae (along basal and distal segments) and a retroventral row of three or four (along basal segment only), in 2.2.2/1, 2.2.2/1.1, or 2.2.2.2/1.1 pattern; in addition, the basal segment of sinistral leg II telotarsus bears two extra spiniform setae adjacent to the retrolateral series (not aligned with the row but in more submedial position). Leg IV: basitarsus with row of three/four proventral and two distal retroventral spiniform setae; telotarsus 3-segmented (the two segmentation lines are complete), with proventral and retroventral rows of four spiniform setae each (along basal and median segments only), in 2.2.2/2/0 pattern. — Opisthosoma. Tergites with abundant setae similar to those on propeltidium (Fig. 4A); setation of the sternites comparable to that of coxae. Ctenidia present on 1st post-genital sternite (spiracular sternite I) (Fig. 4D); ctenidia in the form of abundant, short “fleshy” setae, densely arranged into what looks like a single large area on the sternite; other sternites without ctenidia.

Unknown.

Eutrecha belenensis is known only from the type locality in the department of Norte de Santander, Colombia (Fig. 1).

Holotype. COLOMBIA • 1 ♂; Bolívar, San Jacinto, Vereda Palenquito; 09°51′09.7″N 75°10′32.3″W; 324 m.a.s.l.; 06 Sep 2016; L. Martínez leg.; ICN Aso 015. Paratypes. • 1 ♀ (subadult), 1 juvenile; Atlántico, Usiacurí, Reserva Campesina La Montaña; 10°46′0.2″N 75°02′34.0″W; 47 m.a.s.l.; 22 Mar 2016; L. Martínez & E. Villareal leg.; ICN Aso 017; • 1 ♀, same data as preceding, except: 17 Oct 2015; L. Martínez & L. Quijano leg.; ICN Aso 016.

Eutrecha florezi features a series of morphological characteristics that make it readily recognizable from Eutrecha belenensis. Conversely, not many aspects make E. florezi different from E. longirostris, species from which a solid morphological distinction will require of further research (see E. longirostris). Morphological characteristics of males of E. florezi by which this species differs from E. belenensis are: i) Cheliceral fixed finger with FSM, FM, and FD teeth extremely reduced (or undistinguishable) (Fig. 2B). ii) Ventral margin of fixed finger asetose area (i.e., where vestiges of distal teeth are situated) markedly emarginate in lateral aspect (Figs 2B, 8B). iii) Movable finger of male very robust (e.g., relative to the height of MP tooth) (Figs 2B, 8D). iv) MM tooth much smaller than MP, similar to or slightly smaller than MSM (Figs 2B, 8B, D). v) MM tooth displaced distally on finger, producing a diastema between MM and MSM (Figs 2B, 8B). vi) Fixed and movable finger mucra short, each with length no more than twice height at its base (Figs 2B, 8B, D). vii) Stridulatory apparatus consisting of two distinct sets of ridges, with ventral ridges subparallel to the manus ventral surface but dorsal ridges markedly oblique (Figs 7C, 8C). viii) Flagellum dorsal and ventral margins subparallel, apex bifid (Fig. 8D). ix) Attachment point of the flagellum elliptical, horizontally elongate (Fig. 8D). x) Pedipalp tibia and basitarsus with ventral rows of about three to six spiniform setae each. xi) Basitarsi of walking legs II and III, each with two proventral and one retrolateral spiniform setae (in addition to others on retroventral and retrodorsal series). xii) Basitarsus of leg IV with one distal retroventral spiniform seta (in addition to others on proventral series). xiii) Opisthosoma of male, ctenidia arranged into two paramedian areas on 1st post-genital sternite (spiracular sternite I) (Fig. 7B).

Figure 7. 

Eutrecha florezi Villareal-Blanco, Armas and Martínez, 2017, ♂ (IAvH I 472), Santuario de Flora y Fauna Los Colorados, Bolívar Department, Colombia, propeltidium (A), anterior opisthosomal sternites with spiracular sternites centered (B) [arrows indicate paramedian areas with ctenidia on 1st post-genital sternite], dextral chelicera, stridulatory plate, prolateral aspect (C) [note the modified stridulatory apparatus]. Scale bars = 1 mm (A, C), 0.5 mm (B).

Figure 8. 

Eutrecha florezi Villareal-Blanco, Armas and Martínez, 2017, ♂ (IAvH I 472), Santuario de Flora y Fauna Los Colorados, Bolívar Department, Colombia, dextral chelicera, retrolateral aspect (A) and close-up of fingers (B), prolateral aspect (C) and close-up of fingers (D). Scale bars = 1 mm (A, C), 0.5 mm (B, D).

Based on holotype and nontype male from Santuario de Flora y Fauna Los Colorados. — Measurements. Linear measurements in Table 1. — Color. In 80% ethanol-preserved specimens. Prosomal dorsal shields and opisthosomal tergites with overall brown coloration (Fig. 7A), traversed medially by a narrow longitudinal yellow line that is most conspicuous on propeltidium and posterior opisthosomal segments. Propeltidium with a design of pale brown areas in a darker contour, one large that narrows anteriorly, and two small oval areas one on each side of the ocular tubercle, the latter of which is blackish; eyespots shiny white. Meso-, metapeltidium and opisthosomal tergites predominantly dark brown. Chelicerae, base color pale brown (same as pale propeltidial areas) (Fig. 8A, B), with three dark brown, narrow longitudinal stripes on prodorsal, dorsal, and retrolateral surfaces of manus, which fuse into a large brown retrolateral area on distal part of manus; stridulatory plate immaculately yellow (Figs 7C, 8C). Asetose area of fixed and movable fingers red, with all teeth darkened (Fig. 8B, D); movable finger setose area with ventral, brown-spotted area. Coxosternal region, opisthosomal sternites (Fig. 7B), pleural membranes, trochanters of legs and pedipalps, basifemora and telofemora of legs II–IV, and femur of leg I immaculately yellowish white; malleoli white. Pedipalp femur, tibia, and basitarsus dark brown, with faint paler areas; telotarsus yellowish. Legs with patella, tibia, basitarsus, and telotarsus yellowish to brown, with coloration pattern similar to that of pedipalps but notably paler. — Prosoma. Propeltidium longer than wide (Table 1); covered with small to medium-sized, spicule-like stout setae, straight and rigid (Fig. 7A); these setae fall off and break easily and, although some have shallowly bifid apex, others seem to be apically worn; at least the larger macrosetae exhibit a bilaterally symmetrical distribution on propeltidium. Ocular tubercle slightly elevated, with abundant macrosetae. Anterolateral propeltidial lobes separated from the propeltidium principal shield by incomplete lateral groove. Eyespots elongated. Meso- and metapeltidium wider than long, with abundant macrosetae similar to those on propeltidium. Coxae densely covered with abundant thin setae. Sternum glabrous. — Chelicera-dentition and processes. Fixed finger with median teeth series comprising well-developed FP tooth, whereas other primary teeth (FM and FD), as well as the FSM tooth, are extremely small, otherwise undistinguishable (Figs 2B, 8B); FSD tooth absent; FM and FD, when visible, each importantly displaced distally in the finger relative to the contiguous, more proximal tooth (FSM and FM, respectively), such that a medial notch (MN) and a median apical diastema (FMAD) are present; retrofondal teeth series uninterrupted (i.e., without FRFD), with four teeth (RFSP, RFP, RFM, RFA) (Fig. 2B); basal retrofondal margin heavily sclerotized; profondal teeth series consisting of four teeth (PFSP, PFP, PFSM, PFM). Fixed finger asetose area sinuous, with ventral margin notably curved in lateral aspect; prodorsal carina sharp, not elevated in lateral aspect, without angular dorsal crest; proventral carina weakly pronounced on the mucron area; fixed finger retrolateral carina (FRLC) obsolete, represented by few granules on the proximal region of the asetose area (Fig. 2B). Fixed finger mucron without subterminal (FST) teeth; apex (FT tooth) curved, hook shaped. Movable finger with median teeth series comprising well-developed MP and MM primary teeth, the former of which is notably larger, and one MSM secondary tooth that is similar in size to MM (i.e., MP > MM ≈ MSM) (Figs 2B, 8B); movable finger MP and MSM teeth close to one another, MSM upright and triangular; MM displaced distally, producing a diastema between MM and MSM. Movable finger prolateral carina (MPLC) markedly developed, ending slightly basal to MP in a small but distinct prolateral (MPL) tooth, which is about half the size of MM and MSM teeth (Fig. 8D). Movable finger without subproximal (MSP) or subterminal (MST) teeth; movable finger retroventral longitudinal carina (MRVC) present on distal half, or third, of finger, forming a smooth elevated ridge (Figs 2B, 8B); retrolateral longitudinal carina (MRLC) consisting of abundant conspicuous granules scattered on the retrolateral surface of finger. Movable finger mucron short, with gnathal edge carina ordinary (not convex). Closure of RFA tooth distal to MP, when fingers are closed. — Chelicera-setose areas and stridulatory plate. Retrolateral and dorsal surfaces with abundant retrolateral manus (rlm) and retrolateral finger (rlf) setae, of different sizes, which are predominantly straight and rigid (Figs 7A, 8); some of these setae are arranged in bilaterally symmetrical pattern, as are some principal retrolateral finger (principal rlf) setae that are more flexible than others; movable finger retrolateral proximal setal cluster (rlpc) dorsally with a single, long and markedly plumose seta. Prolateral surface with array of setal types (Fig. 8D), as follows: proventral distal (pvd) setae consisting of row of plumose setae, starting at level of the interdigital condyle (pic) and ending near level of RFA tooth; proventral subdistal (pvsd) setae arranged in rather disorganized pattern, pvsd comb not markedly differentiated; carpet-like field of bristle-like promedial (pm) setae narrow. Stridulatory plate longer than high, occupying most of the prolateral surface of manus (Fig. 8C); stridulatory apparatus consisting of two distinct sets of ridges: ventralmost set with 6 or 7 ridges approximately parallel to the manus ventral surface; dorsalmost set with 7–9 markedly oblique ridges (Figs 7C, 8C). Distal limit of the prolateral setose area of movable finger reaching the level of MSM tooth; movable finger prodorsal (mpd) setal series consisting of plumose setae arranged in a rather staggered row, adjacent to abundant non-plumose setae of the movable finger promedial (mpm) and proventral (mpv) setal series. — Chelicera-flagellum. Of the composite type, without shaft. A thin, translucent, membranous structure immovably attached prodorsally to the fixed finger (Figs 8D, 9D); flagellar base general aspect bowl-shaped, long and narrow, nearly reaching the apex of the finger on its distal end; dorsal and ventral margins subparallel; with moderately pronounced subangular lobe ventroproximally; apex bifid, with dorsal and ventral tips protruding like fringes and these bearing small spicules; apex with dorsal margin curved dorsally, projecting over the prodorsal carina in lateral aspect; attachment point elliptical, horizontally elongate, placed at level of the PFM tooth. — Pedipalp. All segments coated with abundant short setae; those on ventral surface of tibia, basitarsus, and telotarsus stouter and more distinct than those on other surfaces. Proventral surface of femur with some spicule-like, somewhat spiniform macrosetae similar to those on propeltidium (Fig. 7A); tibia with proventral and retroventral rows of four spiniform setae each, which are short and stout; basitarsus with proventral and retroventral rows of three to six and four spiniform setae, respectively, similar to those on tibia; telotarsus without spiniform setae. Femur, tibia, basitarsus, and telotarsus with few long thin setae; clubbed setae apparently absent. Retroventral surface of femur proximally with a suture-like cleavage plane. Telotarsus with retrodorsal pore area on distal third. — Leg I. All segments coated with abundant short setae similar to those on pedipalps, without stout or spiniform setae; tibia and basitarsus with few long thin setae. Telotarsus with apical retrodorsal pore area similar to that of pedipalp; without claws or spiniform setae. — Walking legs. Covered with abundant short and a few long setae, like those on pedipalps and legs I. Legs II and III: basitarsus with five spiniform setae: two proventral (distal and subdistal), one retroventral (distal), one retrolateral (subdistal), and one retrodorsal (distal); telotarsus bi-segmented (consisting of large basal and small distal segments), with proventral row of four or five spiniform setae (along basal and distal segments) and a retroventral row of three (along basal segment only), in 2.2.2/1 or 2.2.2/1.1 pattern. Leg IV: basitarsus with row of three proventral and one distal retroventral spiniform setae, in 1.1.2 pattern; telotarsus 3-segmented (the two segmentation lines are complete), with proventral and retroventral rows of four spiniform setae each (along basal and median segments only), in 2.2.2/2/0 pattern. — Opisthosoma. Tergites with abundant setae similar to those on propeltidium; setation of the sternites comparable to that of coxae. Ctenidia present on 1st post-genital sternite (spiracular sternite I); ctenidia in the form of abundant, short “fleshy” setae, densely arranged into two paramedian round areas on the sternite (Fig. 7B); other sternites without ctenidia.

Based on paratypes and nontype female from Usiacurí. Measurements in Table 1. Similar to the male in most aspects, but larger in size and more robust in appearance. Pedipalp tibia and basitarsus with proventral and retroventral rows of short and stout spiniform setae (exact number unknown as some setae have fallen off). Tegument setation similar to that of male; setae on dorsal surfaces of prosomal and opisthosomal shields, and on dorsal and retrolateral surfaces of the chelicerae, weaker and more flexible. Opisthosoma without ctenidia; genital plate posterior margin with deep median indentation. Chelicera without the secondary sexual characteristics of males (Fig. 9A–C). Stridulatory apparatus with all the ridges parallel to each other and to the manus ventral surface (Fig. 9B); ridges short, progressively occupying a more distal position the more dorsal they are. Fixed finger, lateral aspect with distinct and pronounced angular dorsal crest at level of the RFM tooth (Fig. 9A, B); retrolateral carina (FRLC) more evident than in male (Fig. 9C). Fixed finger without FSD tooth; mucron short and tooth-like (i.e., ventral margin sublinear), without subterminal teeth (FST); FP and FSM teeth slightly fused in their base, forming a subtle bicuspid. Movable finger with MP, MM, and MSM teeth, MP being largest and MSM smallest (Fig. 9A); MM tooth not displaced distally. Movable finger prolateral carina (MPLC) ending in prolateral (MPL) tooth. Retrolateral longitudinal carina (MRLC) consisting of abundant granules; gnathal edge carina and retroventral longitudinal carina (MRVC) evident; subproximal (MSP) and subterminal (MST) teeth absent. Closure of RFA tooth immediately distal to MP, and that of FM immediately distal to MM, when fingers are closed.

Figure 9. 

Eutrecha florezi Villareal-Blanco, Armas and Martínez, 2017, sinistral chelicera, retrolateral aspect (A), prolateral aspect (B), and ventral aspect of fixed finger (C), dextral chelicera, fixed finger, ventral aspect (D). A–C ♀ (MPUJ ENT 61896), San Jacinto, Bolívar Department, Colombia. D ♂ (IAvH I 472), Santuario de Flora y Fauna Los Colorados, Bolívar Department, Colombia. Scale bars = 1 mm (A, B), 0.5 mm (C, D).

Eutrecha florezi is known from various localities in the departments of Atlántico and Bolívar, Colombia (Fig. 1).

Eutrecha florezi inhabits tropical dry forests (Fig. 10). Females do not appear to be very active wanderers, having normally been found in small burrows inside of dry logs close to termite mounds. In contrast, males are active at night, especially in new moon, and have been observed actively wandering the vicinities of termite mounds. Our observations in the field also indicate that this species is attracted to UV light lamps. Most specimens of E. florezi have been collected after the rainy season, when food resources such as termites are abundant in tropical dry forest ecosystems.

Figure 10. 

Landscape (A) and habitat (B) of Eutrecha florezi Villareal-Blanco, Armas and Martínez, 2017 at type locality in San Jacinto, Bolívar Department, Colombia.

COLOMBIA • 1 ♀; Atlántico, Usiacurí, Reserva Campesina La Montaña; 10°46′0.2″N 75°02′34.0″W; 47 m.a.s.l.; 12 Jun 2018; L. Martínez leg.; MPUJ ENT 61897; • 1 ♂; Bolívar, Arjona, Conjunto Residencial Hacienda; 10°15′10.9″N 75°20′39.8″W; 59 m.a.s.l.; 02 Oct 2015; A. Segovia leg.; ICN Aso 019; • 1 ♂; San Jacinto, Vereda Palenquito, Reserva Campesina La Flecha; 09°51′09.8″N 75°10′32.3″W; 324 m.a.s.l.; 18 Jul 2017; L. Martínez leg. MPUJ ENT 60963; • 1 ♀ (subadult); same data as preceding; MPUJ ENT 61896; • 1 ♂; same data as preceding, except: 12 Oct 2019; MPUJ ENT 61895; • 1 ♂; Santuario de Flora y Fauna Los Colorados, Alto El Mirador; 09°54′N 75°07′W; 400 m.a.s.l.; Malaise trap; 24 Oct – 9 Nov 2001; E. Deulufeut leg.; IAvH I 472; • 1 ♀, 1 juvenile; same locality; IAvH I 2828; • 1 ♀; Turbaco, Jardín Botánico de Cartagena “Guillermo Piñeres”; 10°21′59″N 75°25′30″W; 130 m.a.s.l.; 15 Oct 2015; W. Zapata leg.; ICN Aso 018.

Holotype. VENEZUELA • ♂; La Guaira [formerly Vargas], Districto Federal, Punta de Tarma; 10°33′52.48″N 67°09′13.00″W; 06 Dec 1978; M. von Dagel leg.; MAGS 167. Examined by photographs.

Eutrecha longirostris is known only from two localities in the states of Lara and Vargas, Venezuela (Fig. 1).

Eutrecha longirostris was described from a single male specimen from Punta de Tarma, in the state of Vargas, Venezuela (Maury 1982). That was the only record of this species for many years, until Hernández and Colmenares (2008) recorded a second male from Barquisimeto, in the nearby state of Lara (Fig. 1). No other records of E. longirostris exist to date and the female of this species remains unknown.

The holotype of E. longirostris is supposed to be currently deposited at the MIZA, where the MAGS collection is being taken care of. Unfortunately, we were unable to examine this specimen or the other known male. Based on the original description and photos of the holotype made available to us by a collaborator (P.A. Colmenares), it is certain that E. longirostris is closely related to E. florezi, species from which a solid morphological distinction is not possible at this moment.

Villareal-Blanco et al. (2017) presented a diagnosis to separate E. florezi from E. longirostris. Nevertheless, the diagnostic characters listed by these authors are rather discretionary and it is possible that some could be intra-specifically variable. For what is of interest to the scope of this manuscript, E. longirostris and E. florezi very much resemble one another, and future research will be necessary to elucidate whether both are indeed separate species.

Thanks to the photos shared with us, we can confirm that Maury’s (1982) description and illustrations are a very accurate reflection of the actual morphology of the type specimen. Therefore, Maury’s (1982) description of E. longirostris continues to be the clearest and most complete reference so far available for this species.

A member of Ammotrechinae s.str. as herein defined. Xenotrecha remains a monotypic genus containing only X. huebneri, whose male exhibits the following combination of features that allows to readily distinguish the genus from all other genera in Ammotrechinae s.l. i) Cheliceral fixed finger with FM and FD teeth well developed, of normal size for primary teeth (Fig. 3B). ii) Cheliceral fixed finger with the median teeth series uninterrupted, without medial notch or median apical diastema (Figs 3B, 14E, 15A). iii) Flagellum with prolateral plumose setiform organ (Figs 14F, 16A, B). iv) Ctenidia, in the form of short and thick lanceolate setae, present only on 1st and 2nd post-genital sternites (spiracular sternites) (Fig. 13C).

In having the same or similar pattern of spiniform setae on the basitarsi and telotarsi of the walking legs and the same segmentation pattern of the leg telotarsi, Xenotrecha most closely resembles Eutrecha than it does resemble Ammotrecha.

Xenotrecha huebneri (Kraepelin, 1899).

Holotype. VENEZUELA • 1 ♀; “South Venezuela” [locality not specified]; 25 Nov 1898; G. Hübner & O. Schneider leg; ZMH. Examined by images from Harms and Dupérré (2018).

As for the genus.

Based on nontype male from Vila Tepequém (CHNUFPI 1247). — Measurements. Linear measurements in Table 1. — Color. In 80% ethanol-preserved specimen. Prosomal dorsal shields and opisthosomal tergites with overall brown coloration (Fig. 12A, C). Propeltidium with a design of pale brown areas in a darker contour (Fig. 12C), one large that narrows anteriorly, and two small oval areas one on each side of the ocular tubercle, the latter of which is blackish; eyespots shiny white (Fig. 13A). Meso-, metapeltidium, and opisthosomal tergites predominantly dark brown (Fig. 12A), with scattered faded patches. Chelicerae, base color pale brown (same as pale propeltidial areas) (Figs 12C, 14C, E), with three dark brown, narrow longitudinal stripes on prodorsal, retrolateral, and retroventral surfaces of manus, which fuse into a large dark brown retrolateral area on distal part of manus; stridulatory plate predominantly yellow, with brownish stridulatory ridges (Fig. 14D). Asetose area of fixed and movable fingers red, with all teeth darkened (Fig. 14E); movable finger setose area with ventral, brown-spotted area. Pedipalp coxae yellowish white, trochanter pale brown, femur and tibia dark brown, with faint paler areas (Fig. 17), as are the patella and tibia of legs. Pedipalps and legs, basitarsus proximal half dark brown, distal half yellowish brown, same color as telotarsus. Coxosternal region and trochanters of legs immaculately yellowish white (Fig. 13B). Femora of legs I–II, basifemora and telofemora of legs III–IV yellowish white, with scattered darker patches, mostly on dorsal surface. Malleoli white. Opisthosomal pleural membranes with faded, dark brown color dorsally, paler towards the venter. Sternites yellowish white (Fig. 13C), except for three posteriormost sternites which have some scattered dark brown patches. — Prosoma. Propeltidium longer than wide (Table 1); covered with small to medium-sized, spicule-like stout setae, straight and rigid (Fig. 12C); these setae fall off and break easily; at least the larger macrosetae exhibit a bilaterally symmetrical distribution on propeltidium. Ocular tubercle slightly elevated, with abundant macrosetae. Anterolateral propeltidial lobes separated from the propeltidium principal shield by incomplete lateral groove (Fig. 13A). Eyespots elongated, its length approximately half the length of the anterolateral propeltidial lobe ventral margin. Meso- and metapeltidium wider than long, with abundant macrosetae similar to those on propeltidium (Fig. 12A). Coxae densely covered with abundant thin setae (Fig. 13B). Sternum glabrous. — Chelicera-dentition and processes. Fixed finger with median teeth series comprising well-developed primary teeth (FP, FM, and FD) and very small FSM tooth (Figs 3B, 14E, 15A); FSD tooth absent; FSM and FM contiguous to adjacent teeth (i.e., without medial notch or FMAD); retrofondal teeth series uninterrupted (i.e., without FRFD), with four teeth (RFSP, RFP, RFM, RFA) (Figs 3B, 15A); basal retrofondal margin heavily sclerotized (Fig. 15A); profondal teeth series consisting of four teeth (PFSP, PFP, PFSM, PFM). Fixed finger asetose area with dorsal and ventral margins notably curved; prodorsal carina sharp, not elevated in lateral aspect, without angular dorsal crest; proventral carina weakly pronounced on the mucron area; fixed finger retrolateral carina (FRLC) obsolete, represented by few granules on the proximal region of the asetose area (Figs 3B, 14E). Fixed finger mucron without subterminal (FST) teeth; apex (FT tooth) curved. Movable finger with median teeth series comprising well-developed and similar-sized MP and MM primary teeth, and one MSM secondary tooth which is smaller than MP and MM (i.e., MP ≈ MM > MSM) (Figs 3B, 14E); all three teeth of the median series adjacent to each other; MSM upright and triangular. Movable finger prolateral carina (MPLC) markedly developed, ending slightly basal to MP in a small but distinct prolateral (MPL) tooth, which is about half the size of MSM tooth (Fig. 14D). Movable finger without subproximal (MSP) or subterminal (MST) teeth; movable finger retroventral longitudinal carina (MRVC) present on distal half, or third, of finger, forming a smooth elevated ridge (Figs 3B, 14E, 16D); retrolateral longitudinal carina (MRLC) consisting of scattered conspicuous granules on the retrolateral surface of finger (Fig. 3B). Movable finger mucron moderately long, with gnathal edge carina ordinary (not convex). Closure of FM tooth distal to MM, when fingers are closed. — Chelicera-setose areas and stridulatory plate. Retrolateral and dorsal surfaces with abundant retrolateral manus (rlm) and retrolateral finger (rlf) setae, of different sizes, which are predominantly straight and rigid (Figs 12C, 14C–F); some of these setae are arranged in bilaterally symmetrical pattern, as are some principal retrolateral finger (principal rlf) setae that are more flexible than others; movable finger retrolateral proximal setal cluster (rlpc) dorsally with a single, long and markedly plumose seta (Figs 14E, 16D). Prolateral surface with array of setal types (Fig. 14D, F), as follows: row of plumose proventral distal (pvd) setae starting at level of the interdigital condyle (pic) and ending near level of FP tooth; proventral subdistal (pvsd) setae arranged in rather disorganized pattern, pvsd comb slightly differentiated; carpet-like field of bristle-like promedial (pm) setae narrow (Fig. 16C). Stridulatory plate longer than high, occupying approximately two-thirds of the prolateral surface of manus (Fig. 14D); stridulatory apparatus consisting of eleven distinct ridges approximately parallel to the manus ventral surface (Fig. 16C); most ridges not reaching the limit with the pm setae field. Distal limit of the prolateral setose area of movable finger reaching the level of MSM tooth; movable finger prodorsal (mpd) setal series consisting of plumose setae (similar to the pvd setae), adjacent to abundant non-plumose setae of the movable finger promedial (mpm) and proventral (mpv) setal series. — Chelicera-flagellum. Of the composite type, without shaft. A thin, translucent, membranous structure immovably attached prodorsally to the fixed finger (Figs 14F, 15A); flagellar base general aspect bowl-shaped, long and narrow, with apex reaching about two thirds of the mucron length; prolateral surface with plumose setiform organ arising from the center of the flagellar base (Figs 14F, 16A, B); plumose setiform organ robust basally, long, progressively narrowing distally, its apex almost reaching the apex of the flagellar base, covered with acuminate fringes over distal two thirds of its length; other than fringes on the plumose setiform organ, the flagellum is predominantly smooth; flagellum dorsal margin visible over the prodorsal carina in retrolateral aspect; attachment point elliptical, horizontally elongated, placed at level of the PFM tooth. — Pedipalp. All segments coated with abundant short and delicate setae (Fig. 17A); those on ventral surface of tibia, basitarsus, and telotarsus stouter and more distinct than those on other surfaces. Proventral surface of femur with some spicule-like, somewhat spiniform macrosetae similar to those on propeltidium (Fig. 12A); tibia with proventral and retroventral rows of six spiniform setae each, which are short and stout, distributed along distal two thirds of tibia, in addition to a basal pair of conspicuous, thinner, and slightly longer setae (Fig. 17A); basitarsus with proventral and retroventral rows of eight and eleven spiniform setae, respectively, similar to those on tibia; telotarsus without spiniform setae. Femur, tibia, basitarsus, and telotarsus with few long thin setae; clubbed setae apparently absent. Retroventral surface of femur proximally with a suture-like cleavage plane (Figs 17, 18). Telotarsus retrodorsal pore area, if present, not visible under light stereomicroscopy. — Leg I. All segments coated with abundant short and delicate setae similar to those on pedipalps, without stout or spiniform setae; tibia and basitarsus with few long thin setae. Telotarsus without claws or spiniform setae; retrodorsal pore area, if present, not visible under light stereomicroscopy. — Walking legs. Covered with abundant short and delicate setae, in addition to a few long setae like those on pedipalps and legs I. Legs II and III: basitarsus with five spiniform setae: two proventral (distal and subdistal), one retroventral (distal), one retrolateral (subdistal), and one retrodorsal (distal); telotarsus bi-segmented (consisting of large basal and small distal segments), with proventral row of four spiniform setae and a retroventral row of three, in 2.2.2/1 pattern. Leg IV: basitarsus with row of three proventral and one distal retroventral spiniform setae, in 1.1.2 pattern; telotarsus 3-segmented (the two segmentation lines are complete), with proventral and retroventral rows of four spiniform setae each, in 2.2.2/2/0 pattern. — Opisthosoma. Tergites with abundant setae similar to those on propeltidium; setation of the sternites comparable to that of coxae. Ctenidia present on 1st and 2nd post-genital sternites (spiracular sternites I and II) (Fig. 13C); ctenidia short, in the form of abundant, lanceolate setae irregularly distributed on the sternites; other sternites without ctenidia.

Figure 11. 

Xenotrecha huebneri (Kraepelin, 1899), live habitus of adults at Serra do Tepequém, Roraima State, Brazil. A ♂ (CHNUFPI 1247). B ♀ (CHNUFPI 1249).

Figure 12. 

Xenotrecha huebneri (Kraepelin, 1899), habitus, dorsal aspect (A, B), propeltidium (C, D). A, C ♂ (CHNUFPI 1247), Serra do Tepequém, Roraima State, Brazil. B, D ♀ (CHNUFPI 1248), same locality. Scale bars = 2 mm (A, B), 1 mm (C, D).

Figure 13. 

Xenotrecha huebneri (Kraepelin, 1899), prosoma, anterolateral propeltidial lobe, lateral aspect (A), anterior part of coxosternal region, ventral aspect (B) [note the severed dextral pedipalp], ctenidia on 2nd post-genital sternite (C), genital plate, ventral aspect (D). A–C ♂ (CHNUFPI 1247), Serra do Tepequém, Roraima State, Brazil. D ♀ (CHNUFPI 1249), same locality. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A, D), 1 mm (B), 0.2 mm (C).

Figure 14. 

Xenotrecha huebneri (Kraepelin, 1899), dextral chelicera, retrolateral aspect (A, C) and close-up of fingers (E), prolateral aspect (B, D) and close-up of flagellum (F). A, B ♀ (CHNUFPI 1248), Serra do Tepequém, Roraima State, Brazil. C–F ♂ (CHNUFPI 1247), same locality. Scale bars = 1 mm (A–D), 0.5 mm (E), 0.2 mm (F). Arrows in C–F indicate the position of hole left by broken FD tooth.

Figure 15. 

Xenotrecha huebneri (Kraepelin, 1899), sinistral (A) and dextral (B) chelicera, fixed finger, ventral aspect. A ♂ (CHNUFPI 1247), Serra do Tepequém, Roraima State, Brazil. B ♀ (CHNUFPI 1248), same locality. Scale bars = 0.5 mm. Arrow in A indicates hole left by broken FD tooth.

Figure 16. 

Xenotrecha huebneri (Kraepelin, 1899), ♂ (CHNUFPI 1247), Serra do Tepequém, Roraima State, Brazil, sinistral chelicera, flagellum, prolateral aspect (A) and closeup of the plumose setiform organ (B), stridulatory apparatus, prolateral aspect (C), movable finger, retrolateral aspect (D). Scale bars = 0.2 mm (A), 0.1 mm (B), 0.5 mm (C, D).

Figure 17. 

Xenotrecha huebneri (Kraepelin, 1899), ♂ (CHNUFPI 1247), Serra do Tepequém, Roraima State, Brazil, sinistral pedipalp, retrolateral aspect (A) and close-up of cleavage plane proximally on femur (B) [indicated by arrow], healed severed stump of dextral pedipalp femur (post-autotomy in nature), retrodorsal (C) and retrolateral (D) aspects. Scale bars = 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (B–D).

Figure 18. 

Xenotrecha huebneri (Kraepelin, 1899), ♂ (CHNUFPI 1247), Serra do Tepequém, Roraima State, Brazil, scanning electron micrographs of cleavage plane on healed severed stump (post-autotomy in nature) of dextral pedipalp femur, retrolateral aspect (A) and close-up of edge (B), inclined, anterior aspect (C) and close-up of pointy process on prolateral part of stump (D). Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A, C), 0.1 mm (B), 0.2 mm (D).

Based on nontype female from Vila Tepequém (CHNUFPI 1248). Measurements in Table 1. Similar to the male in most aspects, including size and general appearance. Pedipalps with short and stout spiniform setae on the ventral surface of basitarsus only, arranged in proventral and retroventral rows of seven and nine spiniform setae, respectively. Tegument setation similar to that of male; setae on dorsal surfaces of prosomal and opisthosomal shields, and on dorsal and retrolateral surfaces of the chelicerae and legs, weaker and more flexible. Opisthosoma without ctenidia. Genital plate posterior margin with deep median indentation (Fig. 13D); posteromedian region conspicuously glabrous and shiny, with a central pocket. Chelicera without the secondary sexual characteristics of males (Figs 14A, B, 15B). Stridulatory apparatus with all the ridges parallel to each other and to the manus ventral surface, as in male (Fig. 14B); ridges short, progressively occupying a more distal position the more dorsal they are. Fixed finger, lateral aspect with distinct and pronounced angular dorsal crest at level of the RFM tooth (Fig. 14A, B); retrolateral carina (FRLC) evident, as in male (Fig. 15B). Fixed finger without FSD tooth; mucron short and tooth-like (i.e., ventral margin sublinear), without subterminal teeth (FST). Movable finger with MP, MM, and MSM teeth, MP being largest and MSM smallest (Fig. 14A); MM tooth not displaced distally. Movable finger prolateral carina (MPLC) ending in small but distinct prolateral (MPL) tooth, which is less than half the size of the MSM tooth. Retrolateral longitudinal carina (MRLC) consisting of abundant granules; gnathal edge carina and retroventral longitudinal carina (MRVC) evident; subproximal (MSP) and subterminal (MST) teeth absent.

One female (CHNUFPI 1248) has nine spiniform setae on the retroventral series of the pedipalp basitarsi, whereas the other female (CHNUFPI 1249) has ten.

Originally described from an unspecified locality in southern Venezuela (Kraepelin 1899), X. huebneri has also been recorded from the Henri Pittier National Park and Pardillar, respectively in the states of Aragua and Carabobo (Maury 1982), and from El Rincón, in the state of Sucre (Rocha and Cancello 2002a), all in northern Venezuela (Fig. 1). In Brazil, a record of Xenotrecha (as “Xenotrecha sp.”) has been presented from Furo do Firmino, southeastern Maracá Island in the state of Roraima (Rocha and Cancello 2002a), locality that is situated some 50 km south of Vila Tepequém (record here presented; Fig. 1). Records from Brazil are located some 350 km east of the headwaters of the Orinoco River, where the type specimen was most likely collected (Harms and Dupérré 2018). An additional record of X. huebneri from an unspecified locality in Suriname was identified in the Global Information Facility (GBIF) (Goud et al. 2020), further extending the putative distribution of the genus far eastward.

Specimens from Serra do Tepequém were collected at night. All specimens were found on Curatella americana L. (Dilleniaceae) tree trunks. One female (CHNUFPI 1249) was observed foraging, moving upwards in the tree trunk while inspecting small holes and under the tree barks, using both pedipalps to sense the surface (Fig. 11B). The sampling locality (Fig. 19) is a small tepui (reaching 1100 m), forested on its slopes and with savannas on the higher plateaus (Almeida et al. 2009). Several other specimens of C. americana were inspected at other sampling localities in the municipalities of Boa Vista (02°52′08.4″S 60°43′13.1″W, at ca. 90 m.a.s.l.) and Bonfim (03°16′20.5″S 60°03′09.3″W, at 140 m.a.s.l.), but no additional specimens of X. huebneri were detected at these localities. However, an unidentified Ammotrecha species was found in the inspected trees at Bonfim, locality that is situated close to the Brazil-Guiana border. The specimen of X. huebneri reported by Rocha and Cancello (2002a) from El Rincón was found inside of a dead tree-trunk in a forest with many lianas, whereas the specimen from Maracá Island was collected in a forest inside of a termite mound of a possibly undescribed Araujotermes Fontes, 1982 (Isoptera, Termitidae) species.

Figure 19. 

Landscape and habitat of Xenotrecha huebneri (Kraepelin, 1899) at Serra do Tepequém, Roraima State, Brazil. Note the dense vegetation (A), grasslands, and rocky outcrops (B–D) present in the area.

BRAZIL • 1 ♂; Roraima, Amajari, Serra do Tepequém, Vila Tepequém, near Pousada PSJ; 03°47′10.4″S 61°43′15.3″W; 640 m.a.s.l.; 17 Jul 2014; J. Cabra-García leg.; CHNUFPI 1247; • 2 ♀♀; same data, except: L.S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 1248-1249.

BRAZIL • 1 sex not specified; Roraima, Alto Alegre, southeastern Maracá Island, Uraricoera River, Furo do Firmino; 03°23′60″N 61°25′60″W; 01 Nov 1986, E.M. Cancello and C.R.F. Brandão leg.; MZUSP 14295; listed as “Xenotrecha sp.” SURINAME • 1 sex not specified; 07 Aug 1959; RMNH.SOL.11; gbifID 2434367917; VENEZUELA • 1 sex not specified; Sucre, El Rincón; 10°38′14″N 64°14′09″W; 27 Sep 1987; O.F.F. Souza leg.; MZUSP 14296. These records were obtained from Rocha and Cancello (2002a) and Goud et al. (2020).